
Groundwater is an important reliable source of potable water, and in many regions, the industrial, agricultural and municipal water demands are met with the available ground water resources. Groundwater depletion is a vital issue experienced worldwide. Lift-dominated agricultural and industrial water consumption is one of the primary causes for the groundwater depletion in many areas, and over-pumping has largely depleted the shallow aquifers. This has forced the well drillers to go for the deeper aquifer regions, which is occasionally not replenishable and nor economical. Thus, it becomes necessary to address this critical issue of rapid decline of the water table. This work presents an elitist-mutation particle swarm optimization (EMPSO) approach for minimization of drawdown from heterogeneous confined aquifer system. First optimal solutions are obtained by particle swarm optimization (PSO), and these subsequently correlated with EMPSO results. The optimization problem consists in minimizing the drawdown for a period of time. Considering realistic parameters of aquifer, finite element simulation model was developed to find collective drawdown minimization by coupling with EMPSO.
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