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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2015
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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Monte Carlo simulations of the photospheric process

Authors: Santana, R.; Crumley, P.; Hernández, R.A.; Kumar, P.;

Monte Carlo simulations of the photospheric process

Abstract

We present a Monte Carlo (MC) code we wrote to simulate the photospheric process and to study the photospheric spectrum above the peak energy. Our simulations were performed with a photon to electron ratio $N_��/N_{e} = 10^{5}$, as determined by observations of the GRB prompt emission. We searched an exhaustive parameter space to determine if the photospheric process can match the observed high-energy spectrum of the prompt emission. If we do not consider electron re-heating, we determined that the best conditions to produce the observed high-energy spectrum are low photon temperatures and high optical depths. However, for these simulations, the spectrum peaks at an energy below 300 keV by a factor $\sim 10$. For the cases we consider with higher photon temperatures and lower optical depths, we demonstrate that additional energy in the electrons is required to produce a power-law spectrum above the peak-energy. By considering electron re-heating near the photosphere, the spectrum for these simulations have a peak-energy $\sim \mbox{300 keV}$ and a power-law spectrum extending to at least 10 MeV with a spectral index consistent with the prompt emission observations. We also performed simulations for different values of $N_��/N_{e}$ and determined that the simulation results are very sensitive to $N_��/N_{e}$. Lastly, in addition to Comptonizing a Blackbody spectrum, we also simulate the Comptonization of a $f_�� \propto ��^{-1/2}$ fast cooled synchrotron spectrum. The spectrum for these simulations peaks at $\sim 10^{4} \mbox{ keV}$, with a flat spectrum $f_�� \propto ��^{0}$ below the peak energy.

Accepted to MNRAS, 18 Pages, 8 Figures

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 520

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Average
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold