A high-temperature forced-air (HTFA) disinfestation treatment using four temperature stages was developed to disinfest Hawaii-grown papaya, Carica papaya L. cv. Solo, of the egg and larval stages of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett; and oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel. The fourstage treatment forced 43 ± 1, 45 ± 1, 46.5 ± 1, and 49 ± 0.5°C hot air over the papaya surfaces until the fruit center temperatures at the end of each temperature stage reached 41 ± 1.5,44 ± 1,46.5 ± 0.75, and 47.2°C, respectively. Each of the first three temperature stages required about 2 h to heat the fruit to the corresponding fruit center temperatures; the last temperature stage required <1 h to raise the fruit center temperatures to 47.2°C. Relative humidity of 40-60% during treatment prevented fruit damage. When the fruit center temperatures reached 47.2°C, the papayas were immediately hydrocooled until the fruit center temperatures were ≤30°C. Phytotoxicity tests showed that the HTFA treatment was not detrimental to fruit quality. Survival tests with the HTFA treatment until final fruit center temperatures were 43.2, 45.2, or 46.2°C showed little or no survival between 46.2 and 47.2°C for C. capitata , and between 45.2 and 46.2°C for D. cucurbitae and D. dorsalis. D. cucurbitae was more susceptible to the HTFA treatment than C. capitata or D. dorsalis . Survival tests also showed that either first or third instars were more susceptible to the HTFA treatment than eggs for all three fruit fly species.