The aim of the study was to describe the structure of children's disability living in Voronezh city in districts with differing degree of anthropo-technogenic load. Methods. The anthro-potechnogenic load in the city was analyzed using the information from the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Voronezh Region. The structure of disability in children was studied according to the reporting form No. 19 "Information on Children with Disabilities" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the period from 2009 to 2017. Results. According to the degree of anthropo-technogenic load in Voronezh, a relatively clean Central District (CD) and a dysfunctional industrial Left Bank district (LBD) have been identified. It was stated that environmental pollution in the city is caused by toxicants of the air (54 % of all cases), soil (19 %), drinking water (15 %) and noise level (12 %). In the structure of disability in children living both in the CD and LBD diseases of the nervous system, congenital abnormalities, diseases of the ear and mastoid process and endocrine pathology prevail. The number of disabled people during the study period is higher among boys in both areas. There is a decrease in the age of registration of children's disability. In 2017, relative to 2009, the level of general disability decreases, but the rate of primary disability increases. The level of general and newly discovered disability among the children's population differs slightly, despite the fact that the studied populations are subjected to different aero-technogenic loads and are comparable with other regions of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The study results can be used for development of preventive measures for the children's population of Voronezh city.