<b><i>Background:</i></b> Associations of polymorphisms in transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and interleukin-10 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were already reported by several publications. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this meta-analysis was to better clarify associations between these polymorphisms and GDM by combing the results of all relevant publications. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eligible publications were searched from Pubmed, Embase, WOS, and CNKI. We used Review Manager to combine the results of individual studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine studies were included in this study. Combined results revealed that <i>TCF7L2</i> rs290487, <i>TCF7L2</i>rs7901695, <i>TCF7L2</i>rs7903146, <i>TCF7L2</i> rs12255372, <i>TNF-α</i> rs1800629, and <i>VDR</i> FokI rs2228570 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with susceptibility to GDM in the total population. In subgroup analyses, we obtained similar positive findings for rs290487, rs7903146, rs1800629, and rs2228570 polymorphisms in Asians, and positive results were also observed for rs7901695, rs7903146, and rs12255372 polymorphisms in Caucasians. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Collectively, this meta-analysis proved that <i>TCF7L2</i> rs290487, <i>TCF7L2</i>rs7901695, <i>TCF7L2</i>rs7903146, <i>TCF7L2</i> rs12255372, <i>TNF-α</i> rs1800629, and <i>VDR</i> FokI rs2228570 polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to GDM in certain populations.