AbstractBackgroundThe vesicoureteral reflux in the infantile population is a cause of frequent consultation as much in the services of pediatrics, like of pediatric nephrology, urology and pediatric surgery, with a prevalence of 1% in healthy children.ObjectiveWe determined the prevalence of chronic kidney failure in children with vesicoureteral reflux and other variables, in an environment where there are no recent data, management has changed and mortality remains very high.MethodsCross sectional analytic study in children with vesicoureteral reflux confirmed by cystography, that visited Pediatric Nephrology for a period of 6 years. Descriptive analysis of variables, estimates of prevalence, bivariate and multivariate analysis of clinical variables of interest.ResultsData were collected from 99 medical history, with a mean age of 2.94±2.34years, 52.53% female sex, that indicate severe vesicoureteral reflux 81.63%, 67.7% renal scarring, hypertension 28%, proteinuria 31.3%, 47.5% bilateral involvement. The prevalence of chronic renal failure was 27.3 cases per 100% with vesicoureteral reflux (95% CI 18.34 -36.20). After bivariate and multivariate analysis, only hypertension showed statistical significance [bivariate: ORP=12.4 (95% CI 4.37-35.16); multivariate: ORP=15.55 (95% CI 4.48-54.03)].DiscussionOur prevalence is within the ranks of world literature, predominantly patients with severe vesicoureteral reflux was detected if only to hypertension as a factor associated with prospective multicenter studies are required.