In this study, two nonword spelling and two orthographic awareness experiments were used to examine people's production and awareness of sound–spelling relationships. The results of the nonword spelling experiments suggest that, in general, people use phoneme–grapheme sized relationships when spelling nonwords. Alternatively, the results of the orthographic awareness experiments suggest that, under some circumstances, people can use larger sized sound–spelling relationships when judging how frequently subsyllabic relationships occur. Together the results suggest that there is a dissociation between sound–spelling production and sound–spelling awareness tasks, and the size of the sound–spelling relationships that people use varies under different tasks and task conditions.