The large genus Heteragrion has a wide distribution in the Neotropics from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, occurring from sea level to 1800 m.a.s.l. In Colombia, so far ten species and two subspecies of the genus Heteragrion have been found; here we raise this number to 14, with three new records for the country (H. angustipenne Selys, 1886, H. flavidorsum Calvert, 1909 and H. valgum Donnelly, 1992), and the description of H. demarmelsi sp. nov. from Leticia Municipality, Amazonas Department. Also, the females of H. angustipenne and H. flavidorsum are described for the first time. Heteragrion peregrinum Williamson, 1919 is rediscovered and reported in new locations. Photographs of the main structures of taxonomic importance of males and females of all species of Heteragrion from Colombia are presented. Finally, we provide distribution maps, a taxonomic key (for males and females), and comments on the natural history of all Heteragrion species known from Colombia, are also included.