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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology
Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
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Fluxless Bonding of Bismuth Telluride Chips to Alumina Using Ag–In System for High Temperature Thermoelectric Devices

Authors: Wen P. Lin; Chin C. Lee;

Fluxless Bonding of Bismuth Telluride Chips to Alumina Using Ag–In System for High Temperature Thermoelectric Devices

Abstract

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and its alloys are the most commonly used materials for thermoelectric devices. In this paper, the fluxless bonding process was developed to bond Bi2Te3 chips to alumina substrates for high temperature applications. The silver-indium (Ag-In) system was chosen for the process development. To work with this system, the Bi2Te3 chips were coated with 100 nm titanium (Ti) and 100 nm gold (Au) as barrier layer and plated with 10 μm Ag layer. The Bi2Te3 samples were annealed at 250°C for 200 h. No interdiffusion between Bi2Te3 and Ag was detected. The Ti/Au barrier layer was not affected either. It showed exceptional step coverage on the rough Bi2Te3 surface even after the annealing process. To prepare for bonding, alumina substrates with 40 nm TiW and 2.5 μm Au were plated with 60 μm Ag, followed by 5 μm In and thin Ag cap layer for oxidation prevention. The Bi2Te3 chips were bonded to alumina substrates at 180°C. No flux was used. The resulting void-free joint consists of five regions: Ag, (Ag), Ag2In, (Ag) and Ag. (Ag) is Ag-rich solid solution. The joint has a melting temperature higher than 660 °C. Due to the thick ductile Ag layer on alumina, the Bi2Te3 chip did not break after bonding despite its significant coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch with alumina.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
14
Average
Top 10%
Average
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