Pygmaeorchis Brade (1939: 42) is a rare genus endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The two known species are exclusively found in the montane areas of the Minas Gerais (MG) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) states (Withner 1990, van den Berg 2006). The first species to be recognized, Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis Brade (1939: 43), was described on the basis of collections made in the rainforests at Serra dos Órgãos and Itatiaia (RJ). While the second, P. seidelii Toscano de Brito & Moutinho Neto (1981: 194), was found as an epiphyte on Velloziaceae in Ouro Preto (MG) (Fig. 1).