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Results in Mathematics
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K-Loops in The Minkowski World Over an Ordered Field

\(K\)-loops in the Minkowski world over an ordered field
Authors: Bokhee Im; Bokhee Im;

K-Loops in The Minkowski World Over an Ordered Field

Abstract

If \((K,+,\cdot,\leq)\) is an ordered commutative field, \(L=K(i)\) with \(i^ 2=-1\) a quadratic extension and \(z=x+iy\to\overline{z}:=x-iy\) the involutory \(K\)-automorphism, then one can define in the set \(\mathfrak M\) of all \(2\times 2\)-matrices with coefficients in \(L\) the subset \({\mathfrak H}=\{X\in {\mathfrak M}\mid X^ T=\overline{X}\}\) of Hermitian matrices and furthermore the future cone ``\({\mathfrak H}^{++} :=\{X\in {\mathfrak H}\mid\text{Tr }X > 0,\;\text{det }X > 0\}\)''. For each \(A\in {\mathfrak H}^{++}\) the equation \(X^ 2=A\) has a solution \(X\in {\mathfrak H}^{++}\) iff \(K\) is Euclidean. \textit{H. Karzel} and \textit{H. Wefelscheid} [Result Math. 23, No. 3-4, 338-354 (1993; Zbl 0788.20034)] showed that in this case \(({\mathfrak H}^{++},\oplus)\) is a \(K\)-loop with respect to the operation \(A\oplus B :=\sqrt{A} B\sqrt{A}\) (where \(\sqrt{A}\in {\mathfrak H}^{++}\) is defined by \(\sqrt{A}\cdot\sqrt{A}=A\)). The author shows: Also in the case of arbitrary ordered fields \((K,+,\cdot,\leq)\) one can obtain examples of \(K\)-loops if one considers the subset \({\mathfrak H}^{(2),+} :=\{X\in {\mathfrak H}^{++}\mid\text{det }X\in K^{(2)}\}\) (where \(K^{(2)} :=\{\lambda^ 2\mid\lambda\in K\setminus\{0\}\}\)) of \({\mathfrak H}^{++}\). If \(\overline{K}\) is a Euclidean hull of \((K,+,\cdot,\leq)\), \(\overline{L} :=\overline{K}(i)\) with \(i^ 2=-1\) and \(\overline{{\mathfrak H}}\) the Hermitian \(2\times 2\)- matrices over \((\overline{L},\overline{K})\) then \(({\mathfrak H}^{(2),+},\oplus)\) is a subloop of \((\overline{\mathfrak H}^{++},\oplus)\).

Related Organizations
Keywords

Special relativity, Loops, quasigroups, Algebraic systems of matrices, Ordered fields, future cone, Hermitian matrices, \(2 \times 2\)-matrices, \(2\times 2\)-matrices, \(K\)-loops, ordered fields

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Average
Top 10%
Average
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