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https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/27...
Doctoral thesis . 2023
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Exploring additional complexities of forests as climate change mitigators

Authors: Windisch, Michael;

Exploring additional complexities of forests as climate change mitigators

Abstract

Negative Emissionen sind für die Zukunft unerlässlich, insbesondere um schwer vermeidbare CO₂-Quellen auszugleichen und die Dekarbonisierung zu unterstützen. Wälder spielen hierbei eine Schlüsselrolle, da sie eine vergleichsweise kostengünstige Möglichkeit bieten CO₂ aus der Atmosphäre zu filtern. Andere solche Technologien befinden sich noch in Entwicklung und lassen sich nicht in grossem Umfang einsetzen, während Aufforstung bereits in vielen Emissionszielen verankert ist. Wälder absorbieren auf natürliche Weise einen Viertel unserer jährlichen Emissionen. Doch die Ausweitung von Wäldern bringt sowohl Vorteile, wie den Schutz der Biodiversität, als auch Herausforderungen, wie lokale Klimaeffekte und Konkurrenz mit landwirtschaftlicher Produktion, mit sich. Weiter gibt es Bedenken hinsichtlich der Langlebigkeit des Kohlenstoffspeichers in Wäldern. Diese Dissertation untersucht die zusätzlichen Vorteile und Herausforderung welche Wälder in der Klimadiskussion mit sich bringen. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Bedeutung existierender tropischer Wälder für den Klimaschutz. Geeignete Gebiete für die Aufforstung sind begrenzt und äusserst heterogen verteilt. Ausserdem birgt ein zu starkes Vertrauen in die Aufforstung das Risiko, dass gebundener Kohlenstoff zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder ausgestossen wird. Insgesamt sollte die Aufforstung nur zusammen mit umfassenden Emissionsreduktionen als sinnvoller Teil des Klimaschutzes betrachtet werden.

Negative emissions are vital for the future, primarily to offset hard-to-abate CO₂ sources and speed up decarbonization. Forests may play a pivotal role as they provide a cost-effective method to capture CO₂. While other negative emission technologies are in development and not yet ready to be deployed on large scales, reforestation has taken centre stage in many emission reduction strategies. Forests naturally absorb about a quarter of our annual emissions. But expanding forests brings both benefits, like supporting biodiversity, and challenges, such as affecting local climate and competing with agriculture. There are also concerns about the long-term viability of forests as carbon sinks, especially with threats from climate change and human activities leading to deforestation. This dissertation delves into the additional local and global benefits and challenges of forests used for climate change mitigation. Findings underscore the significance of existing tropical forests for climate mitigation. Further, suitable areas for reforestation are limited, and their climate benefit is heterogeneously distributed. In addition, the reliance on forest carbon carries risks, as the CO₂ stored could be released in the future. Overall, while reforestation has a role in mitigating climate change, it should be part of a broader strategy that includes drastic emission reductions.

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Germany
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Keywords

630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche, ddc:500, 551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie, Mitigation, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik, ZC 72260, Aufforstung, Landwirtschaft, Climate change, Reforestation, Biogeophysical effects, Klimawandel, ddc:550, ddc:551, ddc:630, Agriculture, 550 Geowissenschaften, Carbon storage, ZC 74110, Kohlenstoffspeicher, Biogeophysikalische Effekte, QT 400

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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