Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) Fig. 15 Body deep; greatest depth contained 1.8 to 1.9 and caudal peduncle depth 8.5 to 9.0 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.1, predorsal distance 1.5 to 1.7 and caudal peduncle length 8.5 to 9.1 in SL; snout length 3.1 to 3.4, horizontal orbital diameter 5.2 to 5.6 and least interorbital width 1.8 to 2.1 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 2, outer row with 5; inner row of dentary with 3-4, outer with 6 teeth; maxilla toothless. Lateral line complete, with 73-88 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 44-50 scale rows and below with 45-50 scale rows. Ventral keel with 42-44 unpaired spines, followed by 6 pairs of spines. Dorsal fin with 14-16, pectoral fin with 12- 15, pelvic fin with 8-9, anal fin with 22-25, and caudal fin with 19 rays (Parron, 2001). Ground color brown, pale- yellowish abdominally; ventral portion of body (except abdomen) covered by large irregular patch of dark-grey pigmentation. Dark-grey fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 280.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Orinoco and Amazon basins (introduced elsewhere). Remarks. Colossoma macropomum is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná and its occurrence can be associated with fish-farming.

{"references": ["Parron RYS. Caracterizacao morfologica das especies de peixes cultivadas no Estado do Parana, Brasil. [Monograph]. Maringa, PR: Universidade Estadual de Maringa; 2001.", "Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 51, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395