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Transcriptional Activation of hTERT, the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, by Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells

التنشيط النصي لـ hTERT، إنزيم النسخ العكسي للتيلوميراز البشري، بواسطة العامل النووي للخلايا التائية المنشطة
Authors: Amel Chebel; Jean‐Pierre Rouault; Iwona Urbanowicz; Lucile Baseggio; Wu Chien Chien; Gilles Salles; Martine Ffrench;

Transcriptional Activation of hTERT, the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, by Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells

Abstract

La télomérase est essentielle pour le maintien des télomères, et son activation est considérée comme une étape critique dans l'immortalisation cellulaire et la tumorigenèse. La transcriptase inverse de la télomérase humaine (hTERT) est un composant majeur de l'activité de la télomérase. Nous montrons ici que la hTERT est exprimée peu de temps après l'activation des lymphocytes et que son expression est inhibée par la rapamycine, la wortmannine et la FK506, qui était l'inhibiteur le plus puissant. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle potentiel du facteur de transcription nucléaire des cellules T activées (NFAT) dans la régulation de l'expression de hTERT. Cinq sites de liaison présumés au NFAT ont été identifiés chez le promoteur hTERT. Dans les dosages de luciférase, le promoteur hTERT a été activé par une surexpression de NFAT1. De plus, les délétions sérielles ont révélé que l'activation du promoteur était principalement due à un site de liaison NFAT1 -40 flanqué de deux sites de liaison SP1. La mutation du site de liaison NFAT -40 a entraîné une réduction de 53 % de l'activité transcriptionnelle du promoteur hTERT. Des mutations simultanées de l'élément sensible au NFAT -40 avec un ou les deux sites de liaison à la SP1 ont conduit à une diminution plus spectaculaire de l'activité de la luciférase que des mutations simples, suggérant une synergie fonctionnelle entre NFAT1 et SP1 dans la régulation transcriptionnelle hTERT. La surexpression de NFAT1 dans les lignées cellulaires MCF7 et Jurkat a induit une augmentation de l'expression endogène de l'ARNm hTERT. Inversement, sa régulation à la baisse a été induite par le silençage NFAT1. De plus, le test d'immunoprécipitation de la chromatine a démontré que NFAT1 se lie directement à deux sites (-40 et -775) dans le promoteur endogène hTERT. Ainsi, nous montrons pour la première fois l'implication directe de NFAT1 dans la régulation transcriptionnelle de l'hTERT.

La telomerasa es esencial para el mantenimiento de los telómeros, y se cree que su activación es un paso crítico en la inmortalización celular y la tumorigénesis. La transcriptasa inversa de la telomerasa humana (hTERT) es un componente importante de la actividad de la telomerasa. Mostramos aquí que hTERT se expresa poco después de la activación de los linfocitos y que su expresión es inhibida por rapamicina, wortmanina y FK506, que fue el inhibidor más potente. Estos resultados sugieren un papel potencial para el factor de transcripción factor nuclear de las células T activadas (NFAT) en la regulación de la expresión de hTERT. Se identificaron cinco supuestos sitios de unión a NFAT en el promotor de hTERT. En los ensayos de luciferasa, el promotor de hTERT se activó por NFAT1 sobreexpresado. Además, las eliminaciones en serie revelaron que la activación del promotor se debía principalmente a un sitio de unión a -40 NFAT1 flanqueado por dos sitios de unión a SP1. La mutación del sitio de unión a -40 NFAT causó una reducción del 53% en la actividad transcripcional del promotor hTERT. Las mutaciones simultáneas del elemento que responde a -40 NFAT junto con uno o ambos sitios de unión a SP1 condujeron a una disminución más dramática en la actividad de la luciferasa que las mutaciones individuales, lo que sugiere una sinergia funcional entre NFAT1 y SP1 en la regulación transcripcional de hTERT. La sobreexpresión de NFAT1 en líneas celulares MCF7 y Jurkat indujo un aumento en la expresión endógena de ARNm de hTERT. Por el contrario, su regulación negativa fue inducida por el silenciamiento de NFAT1. Además, el ensayo de inmunoprecipitación de cromatina demostró que NFAT1 se une directamente a dos sitios (-40 y -775) en el promotor hTERT endógeno. Así, mostramos por primera vez la implicación directa de NFAT1 en la regulación transcripcional de hTERT.

Telomerase is essential for telomere maintenance, and its activation is thought to be a critical step in cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a major component of telomerase activity. We show here that hTERT is expressed soon after lymphocyte activation and that its expression is inhibited by rapamycin, wortmannin, and FK506, which was the most potent inhibitor. These results suggest a potential role for the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the regulation of hTERT expression. Five putative NFAT-binding sites were identified in the hTERT promoter. In luciferase assays, the hTERT promoter was activated by overexpressed NFAT1. Moreover, serial deletions revealed that the promoter activation was mainly due to a -40 NFAT1-binding site flanked by two SP1-binding sites. Mutation of the -40 NFAT-binding site caused a 53% reduction in the transcriptional activity of hTERT promoter. Simultaneous mutations of the -40 NFAT-responsive element together with one or both SP1-binding sites led to a more dramatic decrease in luciferase activity than single mutations, suggesting a functional synergy between NFAT1 and SP1 in hTERT transcriptional regulation. NFAT1 overexpression in MCF7 and Jurkat cell lines induced an increase in endogenous hTERT mRNA expression. Inversely, its down-regulation was induced by NFAT1 silencing. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that NFAT1 directly binds to two sites (-40 and -775) in the endogenous hTERT promoter. Thus, we show for the first time the direct involvement of NFAT1 in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT.

التيلوميراز ضروري لصيانة التيلومير، ويعتقد أن تنشيطه خطوة حاسمة في تخليد الخلايا وتكوين الأورام. يعد النسخ العكسي للتيلوميراز البشري (hTERT) مكونًا رئيسيًا لنشاط التيلوميراز. نوضح هنا أنه يتم التعبير عن HTERT بعد فترة وجيزة من تنشيط الخلايا الليمفاوية وأن تعبيره يتم تثبيطه بواسطة راباميسين، وورتمانين، و FK506، الذي كان المثبط الأكثر فعالية. تشير هذه النتائج إلى دور محتمل للعامل النووي لعامل النسخ للخلايا التائية المنشطة (NFAT) في تنظيم تعبير HTERT. تم تحديد خمسة مواقع مفترضة لربط NFAT في مروج HTERT. في مقايسات لوسيفيراز، تم تنشيط مروج HTERT بواسطة NFAT1 مفرط التعبير. علاوة على ذلك، كشفت عمليات الحذف المتسلسلة أن تنشيط المروج كان يرجع أساسًا إلى موقع ربط NFAT1 -40 محاط بموقعي ربط SP1. تسببت طفرة موقع ربط NFAT -40 في انخفاض بنسبة 53 ٪ في نشاط النسخ لمروج hTERT. أدت الطفرات المتزامنة للعنصر المستجيب لـ NFAT -40 جنبًا إلى جنب مع أحد موقعي ربط SP1 أو كليهما إلى انخفاض أكثر دراماتيكية في نشاط اللوسيفراز من الطفرات الفردية، مما يشير إلى تآزر وظيفي بين NFAT1 و SP1 في تنظيم نسخ hTERT. تسبب التعبير المفرط NFAT1 في خطوط خلايا MCF7 و Jurkat في زيادة في تعبير الحمض النووي الريبوزي المرسال HTERT الداخلي. على العكس من ذلك، تم تحفيز تنظيمه من خلال إسكات NFAT1. علاوة على ذلك، أظهر اختبار الترسيب المناعي للكروماتين أن NFAT1 يرتبط مباشرة بموقعين (-40 و -775) في معزز HTERT الداخلي. وبالتالي، نظهر لأول مرة المشاركة المباشرة لـ NFAT1 في التنظيم النصي لـ HTERT.

Keywords

Cell biology, NFAT, Transcription, Genetic, Physiology, Molecular biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lymphocyte Activation, Response Elements, Transfection, Gene, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Jurkat Cells, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences, Genetics, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology, Telomerase, Biology, Telomerase reverse transcriptase, NFATC Transcription Factors, Mechanisms and Applications of RNA Interference, Life Sciences, Promoter, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, FOS: Biological sciences, Mutation, Medicine, Cellular Senescence and Aging-Related Diseases, Cell culture, Gene expression, Gene Therapy Techniques and Applications, Transcription factor, Luciferase, Immunosuppressive Agents, HeLa Cells

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
36
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
gold