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Can a cosmic ray carrot explain the ionization level in diffuse molecular clouds?

Authors: S Recchia; V H M Phan; S Biswas; S Gabici;

Can a cosmic ray carrot explain the ionization level in diffuse molecular clouds?

Abstract

Low energy cosmic rays are the major ionization agents of molecular clouds. However, it has been shown that, if the cosmic ray spectrum measured by Voyager 1 is representative of the whole Galaxy, the predicted ionization rate in diffuse clouds fails to reproduce data by 1-2 orders of magnitude, implying that an additional source of ionization must exist. One of the solutions proposed to explain this discrepancy is based on the existence of an unknown low energy (in the range 1 keV-1 MeV, not probed by Voyager) cosmic ray component, called carrot when first hypothesized by Reeves and collaborators in the seventies. Here we investigate the energetic required by such scenario. We show that the power needed to maintain such low energy component is comparable of even larger than that needed to explain the entire observed cosmic ray spectrum. Moreover, if the interstellar turbulent magnetic field has to sustain a carrot, through second-order Fermi acceleration, the required turbulence level would be definitely too large compared to the one expected at the scale resonant with such low energy particles. Our study basically rules out all the plausible sources of a cosmic ray carrot, thus making such hidden component unlikely to be an appealing and viable source of ionization in molecular clouds.

Country
France
Keywords

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), cosmic rays, FOS: Physical sciences, ISM: magnetic fields, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 530, ISM: clouds, 520

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold