{"references": ["Schmale, J., Baccarini, A., Thurnherr, I., Henning, S., Efraim, A., Regayre, L. A., Bolas, C., Hartmann, M., Welti, A., Lehtipalo, K., Aemisegger, F., Tatzelt, C., Landwehr, S., Modini, R., Tummon, F., Johnson, J. E., Harris, N. R. P., Schnaiter, M., Toffoli, A., Derkani, M., Bukowiecki, N., Stratmann, F., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., Wernli, H., Rosenfeld, D., Gysel Beer, M., and Carslaw, K.: Overview of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and Their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE), Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., accpeted, 2019., 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1", "Schmale, J., Schneider, J., Nemitz, E., Tang, Y. S., Dragosits, U., Blackall, T. D., Trathan, P. N., Phillips, G. J., Sutton, M., and Braban, C. F.: Sub-Antarctic marine aerosol: dominant contributions from biogenic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8669-8694, 2013. 10.5194/acp-13-8669-2013", "Fr\u00f6hlich, R., Crenn, V., Setyan, A., Belis, C. A., Canonaco, F., Favez, O., Riffault, V., Slowik, J. G., Aas, W., Aij\u00e4l\u00e4, M., Alastuey, A., Arti\u00f1ano, B., Bonnaire, N., Bozzetti, C., Bressi, M., Carbone, C., Coz, E., Croteau, P. L., Cubison, M. J., Esser-Gietl, J. K., Green, D. C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H., Jayne, J. T., Lunder, C. R., Minguill\u00f3n, M. C., Mo\u010dnik, G., O'Dowd, C. D., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Est\u00e8ve, R., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., Sciare, J., and Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t, A. S. H.: ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison \u2013 Part 2: Intercomparison of ME-2 organic source apportionment results from 15 individual, co-located aerosol mass spectrometers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2555-2576, 2015. 10.5194/amt-8-2555-2015", "Schmale, J., Henning, S., Tummon, F., Hartmann, M., Baccarini, A., Welti, A., Lehtipalo, K., Tatzelt, C., Landwehr, S., and Gysel-Beer, M.: Coarse mode aerosol particle size distribution collected in the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition. 2019. 10.5281/zenodo.2636709", "Landwehr, S., Thomas, J., Gorodetskaya, I., Thurnherr, I., Robinson, C., and Schmale, J.: Quality-checked meteorological data from the Southern Ocean collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition from December 2016 to April 2017. 2019. 10.5281/zenodo.3379590", "Schmale, J., Henning, S., Henzing, B., Keskinen, H., Sellegri, K., Ovadnevaite, J., Bougiatioti, A., Kalivitis, N., Stavroulas, I., Jefferson, A., Park, M., Schlag, P., Kristensson, A., Iwamoto, Y., Pringle, K., Reddington, C., Aalto, P., \u00c4ij\u00e4l\u00e4, M., Baltensperger, U., Bialek, J., Birmili, W., Bukowiecki, N., Ehn, M., Fj\u00e6raa, A. M., Fiebig, M., Frank, G., Fr\u00f6hlich, R., Frumau, A., Furuya, M., Hammer, E., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, E., Holzinger, R., Hyono, H., Kanakidou, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kinouchi, K., Kos, G., Kulmala, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Motos, G., Nenes, A., O'Dowd, C., Paramonov, M., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Picard, D., Poulain, L., Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t, A. S. H., Slowik, J., Sonntag, A., Swietlicki, E., Svenningsson, B., Tsurumaru, H., Wiedensohler, A., Wittbom, C., Ogren, J. A., Matsuki, A., Yum, S. S., Myhre, C. L., Carslaw, K., Stratmann, F. and Gysel, M. (2017) 'Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition', Scientific Data, 4(1), p. 170003. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.3.", "David W H Walton, & Jenny Thomas. (2018, November 22). Cruise Report - Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 20th December 2016 - 19th March 2017 (Version 1.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1443511", "Fr\u00f6hlich, R., Cubison, M. J., Slowik, J. G., Bukowiecki, N., Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U., Schneider, J., Kimmel, J. R., Gonin, M., Rohner, U., Worsnop, D. R. and Jayne, J. T. (2013) 'The ToF-ACSM: a portable aerosol chemical speciation monitor with TOFMS detection', Atmos. Meas. Tech. Copernicus Publications, 6(11), pp. 3225\u20133241. doi: 10.5194/amt-6-3225-2013.", "Acquility software, TOFWERK, Switzerland. https://www.tofwerk.com/software/acquility/"]}

Dataset abstract The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) campaign was conducted between 20th December 2016 and 19th March 2017. The time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc.) was deployed. It is capable of providing 10-minute resolution chemical compositions of NR-PM1 (non-refractory particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 µm), including sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and organics. Chloride is refractory and can only be measured qualitatively, that is relative changes in intensity are trustworthy while absolute concentrations are a clear underestimation, because most of the chloride is in refractory form as part of sea salt in the marine environment. Since this ACSM dataset was collected on the ship, the ship exhaust will occasionally interfere with the natural signal. Therefore data gaps exist. The overall concentrations of particulate organics, nitrate and ammonium remained low, mostly below detection limit, except during the polluted periods. Thus, we do not report these three components. Only sulphate can be retrieved as a quantitative variable from this dataset. This dataset provides limited information on the chemical composition of sub-micron non-refractory aerosol in the Southern Ocean and gives hints on potential sources. Chloride clearly reflects the contribution of sea salt to the aerosol population. This can be checked by relating the particulate chloride to wind speed (Landwehr et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.3379590) and particles with large diameters (Schmale et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.2636709). Particulate sulphate may originate from a variety of sources: sea salt (minor contribution), anthropogenic emissions and natural marine emissions of dimethylsulfide, which is converted to SO2 and sulphuric acid in the atmosphere and can subsequently partition into the particle phase via gas-phase or aqueous phase reactions (Schmale et al., 2019). Dataset contents raw_chl_SO4_mz_55_57_manual_with_flags.csv, data file, comma-separated values README.txt, metadata, text data_file_header.txt, metadata, text calibration_info.csv, metadata, comma-separated values

The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition was made possible by funding from the Swiss Polar Institute and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. We acknowledge the Swiss National Sciences Foundation grant no. 200021_169090 and the German Research Foundation (DFG) within SSP 1158 (Grant no. STR 453/12-1).