The article is devoted to the consideration of the national idea and cultural identity of Pridnestrovie at the present stage. The authors note that the preservation, development and popularization of national cultures of the Pridnestrovian peoples are fundamental factors in the formation of the community "Pridnestrovian people."The active development of issues of cultural identity, language factor, historical memory, and media development in recent decades has put the related issues in the centre of public attention. The article provides an overview of the factors that influence the formation of cultural identity; assesses the significance of the Pridnestrovian State University as the centre of education and culture of the Republic.A special imprint on the formation of the national idea of Pridnestrovieis imposed by the socio-political and cultural context of the Republic. The article emphasizes that dialogue and mutual understanding are the basis for protection from interethnic conflicts. An important role is played by cultural exchange, which gives people useful knowledge and experience, introduces them to the achievements of other cultures. The theme of the Russian world is extremely relevant for Pridnestrovie since the people of a state that is not yet recognized by the world community have repeatedly demonstrated their desire for a closer unification with Russia in referendums. It is noteworthy that in the recent history of the post-Soviet countries, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is probably the only state that does not hesitate to support the preservation and strengthening of Russia's presence on the banks of the Dniester River.