Downloads provided by UsageCountsAnnual Reports Of Education, Health And Sport 9781329876002
Radzimińska, Agnieszka et al.;
Annual Reports Of Education, Health And Sport 9781329876002
{"references": ["Radomska Szko\u0142a Wy\u017csza w Radomiu", "Radom University in Radom", "Annual Reports", "of Education, Health and Sport", "9781329876002", "Edited by", "Iwona Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk", "Rados\u0142aw Muszkieta", "Marek Napiera\u0142a", "Walery Zukow", "http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index", "www.journal.rsw.edu.pl", "https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068", "https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616", "http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467", "Open Access", "Radom 2013", "Radomska Szko\u0142a Wy\u017csza w Radomiu", "Radom University in Radom", "Annual Reports", "of Education, Health and Sport", "9781329876002", "Edited by", "Iwona Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk", "Rados\u0142aw Muszkieta", "Marek Napiera\u0142a", "Walery Zukow", "http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index", "www.journal.rsw.edu.pl", "https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068", "https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616", "http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467", "Open Access", "Radom 2013", "Scientific Council", "prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babi\u0144ski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab med. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Samosiuk (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med.A. Svirskiy (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine),", "prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, doc. PaedDr. Elena Bend\u00edkov\u00e1, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. dr hab. K. Bu\u015bko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland),", "prof. dr hab. med. W. My\u015bli\u0144ski (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napiera\u0142a (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland),", "dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr M. Cie\u015blicka (Poland), dr med. M. Charzynska-Gula (Poland), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr med. K. Cywinski (Poland),", "dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine), dr med. M. Dzierzanowski (Poland), dr med. M. Hagner-Derengowska (Poland), dr med. B. J\u0119drzejewska (Poland),", "dr med. U. Kazmierczak (Poland), dr med. K. Kiczuk (Poland), dr Z. Kwa\u015bnik (Poland), dr med. T. Madej (Poland), dr med. E. Mikolajewska (Poland), dr D. Mikolajewski (Poland),", "dr med. B. Muszynska (Poland), dr med. A. Nalazek (Poland), dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), dr med. K. Nowacka (Poland), dr med. G. Polak (Poland), dr med. P. Prokopczyk (Poland),", "dr med. A. Radziminska (Poland), dr med. L. Sierpinska (Poland), dr Daves Sinch (Republic of India), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine),", "dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland)", "Editorial Board", "Stefan Adamcak (Slovakia), Pavol Bartik (Slovakia), Elena Bend^kova (Czech Republic), Janusz Bielski (Poland), Krzysztof Bu\u015bko (Poland), Miros\u0142awa Cie\u015blicka (Poland), Jerzy Eksterowicz (Poland), W\u0142odzimierz Erdmann (Poland), Tomasz Fro\u0142owicz (Poland), Attila Gilanyi (Hungary), Igor Grygus (Ukraine), Halina Gu\u0142a-Kubiszewska (Poland), Pawe\u0142 Izdebski (Poland), Sergii Iermakov (Ukraine), Tetyana Iermakova (Ukraine), Jana Jurikova (Czech Republic), Vlastimila Karaskova (Czech Republic), Jacek Klawe (Poland), Mariusz Klimczyk (Poland), Alicja Kostencka (Poland), Frantisek Langer (Czech Republic), Eligiusz Madejski (Poland), Jiri Michal (Slovakia), Ludmila Miklankova (Czech Republic), Emila Miko\u0142ajewska (Poland), Viktor Mishchenko (Ukraine), Stanis\u0142aw Mocek (Poland), Miros\u0142aw Mrozkowiak (Poland), Rados\u0142aw Muszkieta (Poland), Anna Nalazek (Poland), Marek Napiera\u0142a (Poland), Jerzy Nowocie\u0144 (Poland), Piotr Ole\u015bniewicz (Poland), W\u0142adys\u0142aw Pa\u0144czyk (Poland), Wies\u0142awa Pilewska (Poland), Miroslava Pridalova (Czech Republic), Krzysztof Prusik (Poland), Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski (Poland), Aleksandr Skaliy (Ukraine), Tetyana Skaliy (Ukraine), Ewa Soko\u0142owska (Poland), B\u0142a\u017cej Stankiewicz (Poland), Robert St\u0119pniak (Poland), Aleksander Stu\u0142a (Poland), Naoki Suzuki (Japan), Miros\u0142awa Szark-Eckardt (Poland), Maciej \u015awi\u0105tkowski (Poland), Hrychoriy Tereschuk (Ukraine), Hryhoriy Vasjanovicz (Ukraine), Mariusz Zasada (Poland), Tetyana Zavhorodnya (Ukraine), Walery \u017bukow (Poland), Hanna \u017bukowska (Poland)", "Advisory Board", "Zygmunt Babi\u0144ski (Poland), Yuriy Briskin (Ukraine), Laszl\u00f3 Csernoch (Hungary), Kazimierz Denek (Poland), Miroslav Dutchak (Ukraine), Karol Gorner (Slovakia), Kazimierz Kochanowicz (Poland), Jerzy Kosiewicz (Poland), Stanis\u0142aw Kowalik (Poland), Tadeusz Maszczak (Poland), Mikolaj Nosko (Ukraine), Jerzy Po\u015bpiech (Poland), Eugeniusz Prystupa (Ukraine), Robert Szeklicki (Poland), Jitka Ulrichova (Czech Republic).", "Reviewers:", "prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babi\u0144ski (Poland), doc. PaedDr. Elena Bend\u00edkov\u00e1, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Samosiuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine),", "prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine),", "prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, prof. dr hab. K. Bu\u015bko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine),", "prof. dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. My\u015bli\u0144ski (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napiera\u0142a (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland),", "prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Zukow (Poland),", "dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr M. Cie\u015blicka (Poland), dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine),", "dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland)", "E d i t o r s - i n - C h i e f", "Anatoliy Gozhenko", "Walery Zukow", "C o - e d i t o r s", "Rados\u0142aw Muszkieta", "Marek Napiera\u0142a", "A s s o c i a t e E d i t o r s", "Iwona Czerwinska Pawluk", "Mariusz Klimczyk", "Miros\u0142awa Cie\u015blicka", "Adam Szulc", "S e c r e t a r y", "Bart\u0142omiej Niespodzi\u0144ski", "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2012-2013.", "This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 of Radomska Szko\u0142a Wy\u017csza w Radomiu, Poska, Radom University in Radom, Poland", "Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.", "Attribution \u2014 You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial \u2014 You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike \u2014 If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.", "Declaration on the original version. Because of the parallel version of the magazine publishing traditional (paper) and of electronic (online), Editors indicates that the main version of the magazine is to issue a \"paper\"", "Zawarto\u015b\u0107 tego\u017c czasopisma jest obj\u0119ta licencj\u0105 Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-U\u017cycie niekomercyjne-Na tych samych warunkach 3.0", "Publishing House: Radomska Szko\u0142a Wy\u017csza w Radomiu, Radom University in Radom Str. Zubrzyckiego 2 26-600 Radom Tel.: +48 48 383 66 05 med.@rsw.edu.pl", "Printing House: Radomska Szko\u0142a Wy\u017csza w Radomiu, Radom University in Radom Str. Zubrzyckiego 2 26-600 Radom Tel.: +48 48 383 66 05 med.@rsw.edu.pl", "ISBN 9781329876002", "Liczba znak\u00f3w: 520 000 (ze streszczeniami i ok\u0142adk\u0105). Liczba grafik: 70 x 1 000 znak\u00f3w (rycza\u0142t) = 70 000 znak\u00f3w.", "Razem: Liczba znak\u00f3w: 590 000 (ze streszczeniami, ok\u0142adk\u0105 i grafikami) = 14,75 arkuszy wydawniczych.", "Number of characters: 520 000 (with abstracts). Number of images: 90 x 1000 characters (lump sum) = 90 000 characters.", "Total: Number of characters: 590 000 (with abstracts, summaries and graphics) = 14,75 sheet publications.", "DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45472", "Content:", "Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 5", "Radziminska Agnieszka, Srokowski Grzegorz, Bulatowicz Irena, Kazmierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Baumgart Mariusz, Strzalkowski Daniel, Zukow Walery. Assessment of the pnf method influence on gait parameters improvement in persons with cerebral palsy = Ocena wp\u0142ywu metody PNF na popraw\u0119 wybranych parametr\u00f3w chodu u os\u00f3b z m\u00f3zgowym pora\u017ceniem dzieci\u0119cym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 7-24. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Radzimi\u0144ska Agnieszka, Szyper Sebastian, Bu\u0142atowicz Irena, Srokowski Grzegorz, Ka\u017amierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Kaliszewska Magdalena, Dzier\u017canowski Maciej, Zukow Walery. Prevention of flat feet in preschool children = Prewencja p\u0142askostopia u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 25-40. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland.", "Brychczynska Maria, Trela Ewa, Nalazek Anna, Zukow Walery. Effect of physical therapy for the return function of upper limbs after severe injuries in women aged 40-60 years = Wp\u0142yw zabieg\u00f3w fizjoterapeutycznych na powr\u00f3t funkcji ko\u0144czyn g\u00f3rnych po przebytych urazach u kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 40-60 lat. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 41-56. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Bugaj Anna, Trela Ewa, Nalazek Anna, Zukow Walery. Evaluation to improve the physiotherapy treatment efficiency of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joints = Pr\u00f3ba oceny poprawy sprawno\u015bci chorych ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi staw\u00f3w biodrowych po zastosowaniu zabieg\u00f3w fizykoterapeutycznych. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 57-82. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia. The most common problems in activities of daily living in post-stroke patients = Najcz\u0119\u015bciej spotykane ograniczenia w wykonywaniu czynno\u015bci codziennego \u017cycia po udarze. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 83-87. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia. The most common problems in wheelchair selection \u2013 own observations = Najcz\u0119\u015bciej spotykane b\u0142\u0119dy w doborze w\u00f3zka dla niepe\u0142nosprawnych w \u015bwietle bada\u0144 w\u0142asnych. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 88-93. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia, Mikolajewski Dariusz. Role of brainstem within human body systems \u2013 computational approach = Rola pnia m\u00f3zgu w ramach system\u00f3w cia\u0142a cz\u0142owieka \u2013 podej\u015bcie obliczeniowe. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 94-106. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Zagoroulko Alexandr, Novikov Nikolay, Usenko LV, Petrashenoc EV, Krishtaphor AA, Tsarev AV, Nenadyschuk V\u0410, Mishonova LI. Resuits of imited clinical trials of ukrainian surfactant suzacrin in patients with acute lung injury syndrome. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 107-122. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia. Eclectic vs. Specific approach within contemporary neurological physiotherapy = Podej\u015bcie eklektyczne a \u015bcis\u0142e we wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej fizjoterapii neurologicznej. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 123-132. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia. Biofeedback as the element of the neurorehabilitation = Biofeedback jako element rehabilitacji neurologicznej. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 133-144. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Novikov NYu, Glotov MA, Dzhansyz KN, Dontsova OV. The evaluation of clinical laboratory potential in diagnostics of lung surfactant deficiency. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 145-150. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Nowacki Maciej, Jundzi\u0142\u0142 Arkadiusz, Bieniek Mi\u0142osz, Jundzi\u0142\u0142-Bieniek Ewa, Kloskowski Tomasz, Drewa Tomasz. The procedure of a patent application submitting, in the field of medical sciences and biotechnology \u2013 on an example, of a preliminary effects and hypothesis, of the hemostatic dressings with oncostatic action = Procedura sk\u0142adania wniosku patentowego w dziedzinie nauk medycznych i biotechnologicznych na podstawie uzyskanych dotychczas wynik\u00f3w i opracowanych hipotez, dotycz\u0105cych opatrunk\u00f3w hemostatycznych o dzia\u0142aniu onkostatycznym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 151-162. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Mikolajewska Emilia, Mikolajewski Dariusz. Consciousness disorders as the possible effect of brainstem activity failure - computational approach = Zaburzenia przytomno\u015bci jako mo\u017cliwy wynik upo\u015bledzonej aktywno\u015bci pnia m\u00f3zgu - podej\u015bcie obliczeniowe. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 163-174. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Baqutayan Shadiya Mohamed, Gogilawani Wani, Mahdzir Akbariah Mohd, Sariyah Saidatul. Causes of breast cancer: comparison between the three races in Malaysia. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 175-185. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Butska Lidiia, Samosiuk Ivan. Puncture physiotherapy using biofeedback to express the relationship of monitoring and correction of disorders in persons working under conditions of high mental and physical stress. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 186-194. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Miko\u0142ajewska Emilia. Use of wheelchairs among patients after ischemic stroke = Wykorzystanie w\u00f3zk\u00f3w dla niepe\u0142nosprawnych w\u015br\u00f3d pacjent\u00f3w po udarze niedokrwiennym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 195-203. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Miko\u0142ajewska Emilia. Incidence of bedsores in adult patients with neurological disorders = Wyst\u0119powanie odle\u017cyn u doros\u0142ych pacjent\u00f3w neurologicznych. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 204-212. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Introduction", "We hope that a varied program of the Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport will answer your expectations. We believe that the Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport will contribute to raising the knowledge, skills and abilities of doctors, therapists, physiotherapists, nurses, psychologists, biologists, researchers, practitioners and health workers interested in rehabilitation, physiotherapy, tourism and recreation.", "Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport, corresponding to the modern challenges of global health specialists collect articles from those areas of the leading centers of renowned foreign and domestic. Many of them present state of art in their field. This will be particularly valuable for young doctors in the specialization, and students.", "Welcome to familiarize yourself with this issue all relevant hazards and health, life and safety at work in tourism, recreation, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, nursing organization to work safely and missions in these conditions, the influence of environmental conditions on public health.", "Authors from abroad and the country will present an overview of contemporary challenges and solutions in these areas. The issue concerns the text of the wider work for human health, tourism, recreation, physiotherapy, nursing, wellness and rehabilitation, including the economics of health care.", "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2013.", "This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland", "Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.", "Attribution \u2014 You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial \u2014 You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike \u2014 If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.", "Radziminska Agnieszka, Srokowski Grzegorz, Bulatowicz Irena, Kazmierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Baumgart Mariusz, Strzalkowski Daniel, Zukow Walery. Assessment of the pnf method influence on gait parameters improvement in persons with cerebral palsy = Ocena wp\u0142ywu metody PNF na popraw\u0119 wybranych parametr\u00f3w chodu u os\u00f3b z m\u00f3zgowym pora\u017ceniem dzieci\u0119cym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 7-24. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Original Text published \u00a9 The Author (s) 2012. Radziminska Agnieszka, Srokowski Grzegorz, Bulatowicz Irena, Kazmierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Baumgart Mariusz, Strzalkowski Daniel, Zukow Walery. Assessment of the pnf method influence on gait parameters improvement in persons with cerebral palsy = Ocena wp\u0142ywu metody PNF na popraw\u0119 wybranych parametr\u00f3w chodu u os\u00f3b z m\u00f3zgowym pora\u017ceniem dzieci\u0119cym. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;2(1):7-24. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Open Access Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. 2012.", "ASSESSMENT OF THE PNF METHOD INFLUENCE ON GAIT PARAMETERS IMPROVEMENT IN PERSONS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY", "Ocena wp\u0142ywu metody PNF na popraw\u0119 wybranych parametr\u00f3w chodu u os\u00f3b z m\u00f3zgowym pora\u017ceniem dzieci\u0119cym", "Agnieszka Radziminska1, Grzegorz Srokowski1,3, Irena Bulatowicz1, Urszula Kazmierczak1, Katarzyna Strojek1, Mariusz Baumgart2, Daniel Strzalkowski1, Walery Zukow4", "1Chair and Department of Kinesitherapy and Therapeutic Massage, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "2Chair and Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "3Faculty of Health Sciences, Elblag University of Humanities and Economy, Elblag, Poland", "4Faculty of Health Sciences, Radom University, Radom, Poland", "Correspondent Author:", "Agnieszka Radzimi\u0144ska,", "Chair and Department of Kinesitherapy and Therapeutic Massage, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "Katedra i Zak\u0142ad Kinezyterapii i Masa\u017cu Leczniczego, UMK w Toruniu CM im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, ul. M. Sk\u0142odowskiej Curie 9, 85- 094 Bydgoszcz,", "agnieszka.radziminska@gmail.com", "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2012;", "This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland", "Number of characters: 28 000 (with abstracts). Number of images: 14 x 1000 characters (lump sum)= 14 000 characters.", "Total: Number of characters: 42 000 (with abstracts, summaries and graphics)=1,05 spreadsheets publishing.", "Keywords: PNF method; gait parameters; cerebral palsy.", "Abstract", "Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a chronic syndrome, not progressive, but the evolving central nervous system disorders caused by brain damage before, during and after childbirth. The most common symptoms of cerebral palsy include motor dysfunction. Depending on the type of infestation they have different degrees of severity and location. Most are paresis of the trunk and limbs, usually a spasmodic, impaired balance and motor hyperactivity. Particular disorder is the lack or limitation of independent gait.", "Aim and purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the concept of PNF, proprioceptive neuromuscular paving work to improve the gait pattern in people (children and adults) with cerebral palsy. An additional objective was to assess the impact of therapy on: ranges of motion in the joints of the lower limbs, improving the activity of preparing for gait, pathological gait pattern change.", "Methods of work: Study was conducted at the Centre for rehabilitation and hippotherapy Neuron Sp. z.o.o. in Ma\u0142e Gacno rehabilitation during the stay. The study covered 20 people (9 girls, 11 boys), children and adolescents with different types of cerebral palsy traveling alone or with additional orthopedic. Participants in the experiment, based on your research before you start and end of treatment were carried out research: assessment of lower limb muscle tone by modified Ashworth scale (qualification test was used for therapy), assessment of mobility in the joints of the lower limbs, to assess the specific methods of PNF activity in preparation for walking, moving a distance of 20 meters with the measurement of its speed, Timed Up and Go Test, gait evaluation of selected parameters on the basis of the documentation DVD. Completed 10 therapy sessions (5 times per week) lasting 45 minutes each. Subjects were trained in accordance with the principles of PNF method. The common element of the exercise therapy were specific to the method of PNF activity conditional normal gait.", "Results of our study: Detailed results of the study are presented in tables and graphs are illustrated.", "Conclusions: 1st PNF therapy method by science-specific methods of preparing for the activity of walking, improves the control of posture, which results in improving the efficiency of gait in persons with cerebral palsy.", "2nd The implementation plan of 10 therapy sessions of 45 minutes could not have improved ranges of active motion in the joints of the lower limbs, there was a change in the ranges of passive movements. No improvement could be the result of difficulties with the performance of isolated movements by people with cerebral palsy. 3rd The method used, a subjective assessment using the income from the stereotype of DVD material, proved to be very sensitive. Based on the collected materials, there was no change in walking pattern.", "S\u0142owa kluczowe: metoda PNF; parametry chodu; m\u00f3zgowe pora\u017cenie dzieci\u0119ce.", "Streszczenie", "Wst\u0119p: M\u00f3zgowe pora\u017cenie dzieci\u0119ce jest zespo\u0142em przewlek\u0142ych, nie post\u0119puj\u0105cych, ale ewoluuj\u0105cych zaburze\u0144 o\u015brodkowego uk\u0142adu nerwowego powsta\u0142ych w wyniku uszkodzenia m\u00f3zgu przed, po i w czasie porodu. Do najcz\u0119stszych objaw\u00f3w MPD nale\u017c\u0105 zaburzenia czynno\u015bci ruchowych. Zale\u017cnie od typu pora\u017cenia maj\u0105 one r\u00f3\u017cny stopie\u0144 nasilenia i umiejscowienie. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej s\u0105 to niedow\u0142ady tu\u0142owia oraz ko\u0144czyn, zwykle typu kurczowego, zaburzenia r\u00f3wnowagi, a tak\u017ce nadczynno\u015b\u0107 ruchowa. Szczeg\u00f3lnym zaburzeniem jest brak lub ograniczenie samodzielnego chodu.", "Za\u0142o\u017cenia i cel pracy: Celem pracy by\u0142a ocena skuteczno\u015bci koncepcji PNF, proprioceptywnego torowania nerwowo-mi\u0119\u015bniowego w pracy nad popraw\u0105 wzorca chodu u os\u00f3b (dzieci i doros\u0142ych) z MPD. Dodatkowym celem by\u0142a ocena wp\u0142ywu terapii na: zakresy ruchomo\u015bci w stawach ko\u0144czyn dolnych, popraw\u0119 aktywno\u015bci przygotowuj\u0105cych do chodu, zmian\u0119 patologicznego wzorca chodu.", "Metodyka pracy: Badanie przeprowadzone zosta\u0142o w O\u015brodku rehabilitacji i hipoterapii \u201eNeuron\u201d Sp. z o.o. w Ma\u0142ym Gacnie podczas trwania turnusu rehabilitacyjnego. Badaniami obj\u0119tych zosta\u0142o 20 os\u00f3b (9 dziewcz\u0105t, 11 ch\u0142opc\u00f3w), dzieci i m\u0142odzie\u017c z r\u00f3\u017cnymi typami m\u00f3zgowego pora\u017cenia dzieci\u0119cego poruszaj\u0105cych si\u0119 samodzielnie lub przy pomocy dodatkowego zaopatrzenia ortopedycznego. U uczestnik\u00f3w eksperymentu, na podstawie karty bada\u0144, przed rozpocz\u0119ciem i na ko\u0144cu terapii zosta\u0142y przeprowadzone badania: ocen\u0119 stanu napi\u0119cia mi\u0119\u015bni ko\u0144czyn dolnych wg zmodyfikowanej skali Ashworth (Badanie s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142o kwalifikacji do terapii), ocen\u0119 ruchomo\u015bci w stawach ko\u0144czyn dolnych, ocen\u0119 specyficznych dla metody PNF aktywno\u015bci przygotowuj\u0105cych do chodu, przej\u015bcie dystansu 20 metr\u00f3w z pomiarem jego szybko\u015bci, Timed Up and Go Test, ocen\u0119 wybranych parametr\u00f3w chodu na podstawie dokumentacji DVD. Zrealizowano 10 sesji terapeutycznych (5 razy w tygodniu) trwaj\u0105cych 45 minut ka\u017cde. Osoby badane \u0107wiczone by\u0142y zgodnie z zasadami metody PNF. Wsp\u00f3lnym elementem terapii by\u0142o \u0107wiczenie specyficznych dla metody PNF aktywno\u015bci warunkuj\u0105cych prawid\u0142owy ch\u00f3d.", "Wyniki bada\u0144 w\u0142asnych: Szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe wyniki przeprowadzonych bada\u0144 przedstawiono w tabelach i zilustrowano wykresami.", "Wnioski:", "1. Terapia metod\u0105 PNF przez nauk\u0119 specyficznych dla metody aktywno\u015bci przygotowuj\u0105cych do chodu, wp\u0142ywa na popraw\u0119 kontroli postawy cia\u0142a, kt\u00f3rej efektem jest poprawa efektywno\u015bci chodu u os\u00f3b z MPD.", "2. Zrealizowanie planu 10 sesji terapeutycznych po 45 minut nie wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142o na popraw\u0119 czynnych zakres\u00f3w ruchomo\u015bci w stawach ko\u0144czyn dolnych, dosz\u0142o do zmian w zakresach ruch\u00f3w biernych. Brak poprawy mo\u017ce by\u0107 efektem trudno\u015bci z wykonywaniem ruch\u00f3w izolowanych przez osoby z MPD.", "3. Zastosowana metoda, subiektywnej oceny stereotypu chody z wykorzystaniem materia\u0142\u00f3w DVD, okaza\u0142a si\u0119 ma\u0142o czu\u0142a. Na podstawie zgromadzonych materia\u0142\u00f3w nie stwierdzono zmiany stereotypu chodu.", "Introduction", "Cerebral palsy is a chronic syndrome, not progressive, but the evolving central nervous system disorders caused by brain damage before, after and during childbirth.In Poland, children diagnosed with MPD, there are about 50,000, including 0.1-0.2% are school children. In nearly half of all intellectual development of children with CP did not differ significantly from the norm, \"distinguished\" physical handicap them.", "The most common symptoms of MPD include motor dysfunction. Depending on the type of infection they have varying degrees of severity and location. The most common include the trunk and limb paresis, usually a spasmodic, impaired balance and motor hyperactivity. A particular type of disorder is the lack or limitation of independent gait.", "Among the methods currently used in rehabilitation of children with CP seem to be leading Neurofacilitacji techniques, including PNF - proprioceptive neuromuscular priming - muscle. PNF concept takes into account the correct movement patterns paving the pelvis, shoulders, legs, torso and head, which influence the improvement of functions. Valid patterns are played in accordance with the principles and concepts using a wide range of techniques for working with patients.", "PNF method is distinguished by specific exercises / activities in preparation for walking, which they are performed in a sitting position and standing, and are an integral part of gait re-education.", "Many children with CP because of frequent spasms occur to reduce the mobility of the lower spine, joints, pelvis and hip joints. Abnormal muscle tone also causes a selective loss of muscle control and lack of balance between agonists and antagonists. This results, inter alia, inadequate asymmetric tilting of the pelvis and its poor rotation during gait. The steps are shortened, and the gait is not ergonomic pathological gait pattern and its intensity are dependent on the degree of damage to the CNS and its location. The great variety of clinical symptoms makes a division and classification of gait pathology in cerebral palsy is a very difficult and sometimes impossible.", "The purpose and aim of work PNF concept is one of the most popular methods of neurorehabilitation, whose effectiveness has been repeatedly confirmed. One of the main elements of the concept is to work to improve the gait pattern.", "Among the many therapists are convinced that the PNF method is a method intended only for adult patients. They forget that this is a method that could also very well check in the treatment of MPD, both adults and children. Appropriate application of basic principles and concepts PNF method of therapy to fit the patient's age can make the results of rehabilitation will be similar, and sometimes better than other feasible methods.", "The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of the concept of PNF in the group of school children with known MPD. Therapy was based on the above re-education. activity and assessing the impact of such a procedure to change the selected parameters of gait. The common element was the exercise of specific therapies for the PNF method", "normal gait conditioning activity.", "Questions and research hypotheses", "Implementing the chosen target were raised following research questions:", "\u2022 Question 1Do PNF therapy method improves the speed of gait in people with CP?", "\u2022 Question 2Are improves postural control during gait?", "It was assumed that:", "\u2022 The hypothesis firstTherapy PNF method improves the speed of gait in patients with MPD.", "\u2022 Second hypothesisTherapy PNF method improves the control of posture during walking.", "Material and methods", "Conditions of accession to the survey were:", "\u2022 diagnosis of cerebral palsy,", "\u2022 age 8-18 years,", "\u2022 muscle tension of the lower limbs up to 2 points according to the modified Ashworth scale", "\u2022 ability to independently move \u2265 20 feet (allowed use of orthopedic support).", "The study was conducted from December 2009 to June 2010 the Centre for Rehabilitation and hippotherapy \"Neuron\" Sp. Ltd. in Little Gacnie rehabilitation during the stay.", "The study included 20 people were (9 girls, 11 boys), children and adolescents with different types of cerebral palsy traveling alone or with additional orthopedic equipment. .", "Research group were stratified by age (Figure 1), gender (Figure 2), form the MPD (Figure 3) and a way of moving (Figure 4)", "Fig. 1. The division of the research group because of their age.", "Fig. 2. Division research group based on sex.", "Fig. 3. The division of the research group because of the characters MPD", "Fig. 4. The division of the research group because of the way of movement.", "To assess the impact of improved methods of PNF on selected parameters of gait in people with cerebral palsy, both before and after treatment, were used:", "Assessment of mobility in the joints of the lower limbs.Based on the examination goniometrycznego ranges are defined active and passive motion of the hip, knee.", "Quantitative evaluation of gait - go the distance of 20 meters with the measurement of its speed", "Assessment of postural control during gait - Timed Up and Go Test", "Assessment of activity in preparation for walking - the specific methods of PNF activity for proper conditioning gait.", "Evaluation of selected parameters of gait - observation and kinematic gait analysis based on the documentation DVD.", "The procedure included 10 meetings physiotherapy treatment (5 times a week) lasting 45 minutes each. Subjects were trained in accordance with the principles of PNF method. Improving methods included specific activity PNF conditioning correct gait. These were:", "in the sitting position: stabilizing position (sitting, active), symmetrical movements of the pelvis (Rocking), the movements of the head, neck, torso in the direction of flexion and extension, asymmetrical movements of the pelvis back and forth, a combination of shoulder and pelvic movements, movements of the torso in front of the detachment buttocks from the floor (standing up), back to siadu", "in the standing position: to stabilize the position by approximation, diagonal movement of body weight (balance), able to stride, standing with one leg in the activity, walk forward, backward, sideways gait", "exercise safely the fall", "refresher training to move in with orthopedic,", "science homework", "Results", "Fig. 5. Analysis of Test Results crossing 20 meters before and after the therapy. Scatterplot.", "Figure 5 illustrates the comparison of the results of Test pass 20 meters before and after therapy. The form of scatter plot allows the assessment of individual patients as the results were far from each other. The average time the test before therapy was 61.9 seconds, with a standard deviation equal to 71.7. After therapy, the average time has been improved and amounted to 46.6 seconds, with deviation of 44.7. The extreme results were obtained by patients who, after treatment with sometimes overcame distance, respectively, the best - 11.26 seconds and the weakest - 186.3 seconds. Analysis of the results in Table 1 allows you to specify percentages largest and the smallest improvement in gait speed Test pass 20 meters. Summing up the transition time of 20 meters has improved in all patients.", "Table 1. Analysis of Test pass rate times 20 meters before and after therapy.", "Test switch 20 meters", "No test\tTime before treatment (in seconds)\tTime after treatment (in seconds)\tThe percentage improvement in time", "1. \t42.20\t33.00\t21.42%", "2.\t21.00\t14.22\t32.28%", "3.\t80.40\t66.12\t17.76%", "4. \t24.55\t19.22\t21.71%", "5.\t57.68\t56.07\t2.79%", "6\t57.00\t50.27\t11.80%", "7.\t13.34\t12.78\t4.19%", "8.\t288.81\t186.30\t35.49%", "9.\t16.35\t15.92\t2.62%", "10.\t21.12\t17.85\t15.48%", "11.\t94.60\t79.58\t17.87%", "12.\t17.14\t14.44\t15.75%", "13.\t26.62\t18.87\t29.11%", "14.\t70.66\t54.05\t23.50%", "15.\t14.67\t11.26\t23.24%", "16.\t75.12\t74.02\t1.46%", "least improvement", "17.\t63.00\t54.00\t14.28%", "18.\t17.39\t12.87\t25.99%", "19.\t220.00\t125.00\t43.18%", "the largest improvement", "20.\t17.87\t16.00\t10.46%", "Figure 6 shows the comparison of test results Up and Go's before and after therapy. The form of scatter plot allows the assessment of individual patients as the results were far from each other. The average time the test before therapy was 84.9 seconds, with a standard deviation 89.9. After treatment has improved and amounted to 71.6 seconds, with a standard deviation of at 72.2. The extreme results were obtained by patients who, after treatment with the test done at times, respectively, the best - 17 seconds, and the weakest - 263.6 seconds. Analysis of the results in Table 2 allows you to specify percentages largest and the smallest improvement of execution speed Up and Go test.Execution Time Up and Go test improved in all patients.", "Fig. 6. Analysis of Results Up and Go Test before and after therapy. Scatterplot.", "Table 2. Analysis of the percentage of times Up and Go test before and after therapy.", "Timed Up and Go Test", "No test\tTime before treatment (in seconds)\tTime after treatment (in seconds)\tThe percentage improvement in time", "1. \t51.33\t42.30\t17.59%", "2.\t27.03\t17.00\t37.10%", "the largest improvement", "3.\t200.00\t183.40\t8.3%", "4. \t29.16\t25.41\t12.86%", "5.\t86.59\t80.12\t7.47%", "6\t66.00\t58.89\t10.77%", "7.\t19.27\t18.06\t6.27%", "8.\t337.12\t263.62\t21.80%", "9.\t20.70\t20.04\t3.18%", "least improvement", "10.\t26.70\t25.85\t3.18%", "least improvement", "11.\t209.67\t190.30\t9.23%", "12.\t8: 00 pm\t7: 00 pm\t5", "13.\t38.15\t25.62\t32.84%", "14.\t73.13\t68.58\t6.22%", "15.\t18.32\t17.32\t5.45%", "16.\t122.00\t111.85\t8.31%", "17.\t78.00\t69.00\t11.51%", "18.\t22.56\t17.07\t24.33%", "19.\t228.56\t155.14\t32.12%", "20.\t24.34\t22.91\t5.87", "Figure 7 shows the improvement in the performance of specific methods of PNF activity in preparation for gait (patients do not benefit from orthopedic equipment: balls, sticks). Some patients improved or learned to perform new specific methods of PNF activity in preparation for walking.", "The biggest difference is visible in the improvement of asymmetrical movements of the pelvis in the sitting position - 11 people, as well as symmetric motion pelvis - 6 patients. It is noteworthy that all patients after stabilization of therapy mastered the sit down position. Unable to influence gait in front and walk sideways - before and after therapy, 10 patients were able to", "Fig. 7. Analysis of activity in preparation for walking before and after therapy.", "Table 3. Averaged values of passive movements in different joints: the hip and knee-bends", "POND\tBEFORE THERAPY\tAFTER THERAPY", "STR. LAW\tSTR. LEFT\tSTR. LAW\tSTR. LEFT", "Hip\t60,5 0\t62,9 0\t63,5 0\t64,1 0", "Knee\t104,9 0\t107,6 0\t106,1 0\t109,2 0", "Table 4. Averaged values of active movements in the hip joints \u2013 Flexion.", "POND\tBEFORE THERAPY\tAFTER THERAPY", "STR. LAW\tSTR. LEFT\tSTR. LAW\tSTR. LEFT", "Hip\t42.2\t45.4\t45\t47.9", "Visible improvements to mobility in the joints of the lower limbs occurred in few patients; clearest improvement concerned the movement: passive and active flexion in the hip joints (Table 3, 4)", "Minimum bending outward stawnie right hip before treatment was 30 0, maximum 80 0.On average, this range was 60.5 0.After therapy, the minimum range is unchanged, while the maximum range increased by 8 0 88 0 amounted to. Average range increased to 63.3 0.Before therapy, the minimum bend outward left hip joint was 30 0, maximum 85 0.On average, this range was 62.9 0.After therapy, the minimum range is unchanged, while the maximum range increased by 8 0 88 0 amounted to. Average range increased to 64.1 0.The minimum range of active flexion of the hip, right before therapy was 10 0, maximum 79 0.On average, this range was 42.2 0.After therapy, the minimum active range of motion had improved and was 15 0, the range also increased the maximum and amounted to 85 0. Average range increased to 45 0.The minimum range of active flexion of the hip left before treatment was 10 0, maximum 80 0.On average, this range was 45.4 0.After therapy, the minimum active range of motion had improved and was 17 0, the range also increased the maximum and amounted to 86 0. Average range increased to 47.9 0.", "The minimum range of passive flexion of the knee right before therapy was 60 0, maximum 150 0.This range was an average of 104.9 0.After therapy, the minimum has not changed, the maximum range is not increased. Increase was average and range of motion was 106.1 0.The minimum range of passive flexion in the left knee prior to treatment was 62 0, maximum 145 0.This range was an average of 107.6 0.After therapy, the minimum and maximum range has not changed. Increase was average and range of motion was 109.2 0.", "The graph in Figure 8 shows the evaluation of gait pattern prior to treatment. Material DVD documented the patient move along the path with a length of 5 meters. Were evaluated in different phases of gait and marked with their correct [1] and abnormal [O] projects. Detailed results illustrated in Figure 9, 10.", "Fig. 8. Assessment of gait pattern prior to treatment.", "Fig. 9. Proper pre-treatment phase of gait for the right lower extremity.", "Fig. 10. Proper pre-treatment phase of gait for the left lower limb.", "The graph in Figure 11 shows the evaluation of gait pattern after therapy. Evaluation was made by analyzing a DVD, which documented the patient's re-crossing the path of a length of 5 meters. As previously were evaluated phases of gait and marked their correct [1] and abnormal [O] projects. Then the results were compared with results of prior therapy. Detailed results of the engravings illustrate the re-examination 12.13.", "The graphs of Figures 12 - 14 shows the results obtained from the analysis of re-recording DVD. They are identical with those obtained prior to treatment. It can be concluded that there was no visible improvement of gait pattern or stereotypical gait evaluation method proved to be too sensitive.", "It may be noted that in most patients the most disturbed gait phases were:", "\u2022 Phase IC - Initial Contact, heel contact with the ground,", "\u2022 phase LR - Loading Response phase of depreciation,", "\u2022 phase of the TS - Terminal Stance, transfusion,", "\u2022 phase TSW - Terminal Swing, the final phase of the transfer.", "This may be a consequence of inadequate range of motion in the drift rate of swing phase which is in most cases due to functional insufficiency of the tibialis anterior or triceps shortening of the calf.The reason may be in addition to the traffic restrictions lifted feet, insufficient range of knee extension in late swing phase, as well as inadequate control the selective movement of hip flexion, which should be linked to the movement of straightening the knee.", "Fig. 11. Evaluation gait pattern after therapy.", "Fig. 12. The correct gait phase after treatment for right lower extremity.", "Fig. 13. The correct gait phase after treatment for the left lower limb.", "Fig. 14. Evaluation of gait pattern after therapy", "Discussion", "Walking is one of the most complex motor actions which man performs in everyday life. Perry and colleagues found that gait speed is associated with the possibility of obtaining better functionality and quality of life [7, 8].", "General prevailing belief that the PNF method is a method intended only for older children or adults [8] is wrong. It is known that PNF techniques and philosophy are also suitable for the treatment of neurological problems: reduction of spasticity, normalization of muscle tone, developmental delays overcome, rehabilitation after injury, cancer, podtopieniach [1, 9].", "They forget that this is a method which had been originally used in the treatment of children with CP. It is true that in the past, goes to \"great emphasis\" on the application of maximum resistance during the movement, using it in many components of motion (patterns), which were based on primitive reflexes and posture reflexes [1]. This could lead to an increase in abnormal muscle tone. Nowadays, the prevailing thinking that the movement is the behavior that develops with motivation, emotion, perceived sensory experiences and cognitive processes. Today, more and more development goes in the direction of training at the level of activity and function for everyday activities and professional activities. In return, the plan was postponed further inhibition of \"abnormal\" reflex and facilitation of normal movement. Patient autonomy is always in the foreground, ie the quality of life is superior in quality traffic. If the therapist understand these principles, techniques, PNF can be equally effective or more effective than other known methods of treatment for both children and adults [1, 9]", "Using the method of PNF in the treatment of children with CP in both the younger and older it is important not to forget that it should be adapted to their age. If necessary exercises should be done in a playful and have for a young patient understand the purpose [6]. Should be based on positive experience of exercise, which leads to increased motivation of the patient (hormone of happiness).This idea forms the core philosophy of PNF - the so-called positive strategy for the treatment [1, 9]. Only in this way you can discover the \"hidden\" in the child's functional capabilities.", "Research shows that motor development in children with cerebral palsy is determined by anatomical location and area of damage to the CNS [10]. Many years of experience working with children with cerebral palsy suggest that the age of 6-7 years old child with a disability reaches its peak motor. Regardless of the method that was used, its functional state, the way of movement, movement patterns used, there are already changing for the better [4, 5]. In older children and young people lack access to rehabilitation, lack of exercise everyday, poorly conducted therapy leads to a reduction in overall efficiency, reached its peak motor.", "We personally believe however, that the medical diagnosis ambiguously defines the functional capabilities of the patient. The use of appropriate therapy in conjunction with patient perseverance can sometimes amazing results regardless of age. We believe that this work is a proof of this.", "The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of the concept of PNF in the group of school children with known MPD. The common element was the exercise of specific therapy for conditioning activity PNF method correct gait. 10 meetings have been made treatment (5 times a week) lasting 45 minutes each. After 2 weeks in a rehabilitation time of crossing 20 meters and the time of the test Up and Go improved significantly in all patients. These results suggest a positive effect on the rate of PNF therapy gait in patients with MPD and improving posture control. Some patients improved or learned to perform new methods of PNF-specific activity in preparation for walking. Failed to significantly improve the ranges of motion in the joints of the lower limbs.", "Open Access", "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.", "Conclusions", "Based on the analysis results of the study the following conclusions:", "1. Therapy PNF method improves posture control, which results in the improvement of the efficiency of gait in patients with MPD.", "2.The implementation plan for 10 therapy sessions of 45 minutes did not affect the improvement of the active ranges of motion in the joints of the lower limbs, there was a change in the ranges of passive movements. No improvement may be due to difficulty in performing isolated movements by people with MPD.", "3.The method used, the subjective assessment of the stereotype of gait using DVD material, proved to be very sensitive. Based on the collected materials not found to change the stereotype of gait", "Open Access", "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.", "References", "1. Adler S, Beckers D, Buck M. PNF in practice. An Illustrated Guide. DB Publishing, Warsaw 2009.", "2. Analysis and treatment of gait disorders. Materials from the course. Krakow, 2009.", "3. Sophie Levitt: Rehabilitation of cerebral palsy and movement disorders.PZWL Medical Publishers, Warsaw 2000.", "4. Michalowicz R.: Cerebral palsy. Published by III. PZWL, Warsaw 2001.", "5. Neurobiological basis of sensory integration. Materials from the course of training, Wroclaw 29.11-02.12.2007.", "6. J.Nowotny, K. Czupryna, Matyja M.: The most common mistakes made during the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy T. V, No. 2 Wroclaw, 1997.", "7. Perry J. I et al: Classification of Walking Handicap in the Stroke Population. Stroke, 1995.", "8. Perry J., Sch\u00f6neberger B.: Gait Analysis: Normal and pathological function. Slack, Incorporated, 1992.", "9. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF1, PNF2 - M. Knott Concept). Materials from the training course, Warsaw 12-16.12.2007, 14-18.03.2008.", "10. L.Sadowska, G. Banaszek: Neurophysiological diagnosis and therapy of children with disorders of central nervous coordination. Basics neurokinezjologicznej therapy in children with nervous system damage. Physical Education Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 1996.", "This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.", "Radzimi\u0144ska Agnieszka, Szyper Sebastian, Bu\u0142atowicz Irena, Srokowski Grzegorz, Ka\u017amierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Kaliszewska Magdalena, Dzier\u017canowski Maciej, Zukow Walery. Prevention of flat feet in preschool children = Prewencja p\u0142askostopia u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 25-40. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Original Text published \u00a9 The Author (s) 2012. Radzimi\u0144ska Agnieszka, Szyper Sebastian, Bu\u0142atowicz Irena, Srokowski Grzegorz, Ka\u017amierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Kaliszewska Magdalena, Dzier\u017canowski Maciej, Zukow Walery. Prevention of flat feet in preschool children = Prewencja p\u0142askostopia u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;2(1):25-40. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Open Access Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. 2012.", "PREVENTION OF FLAT FEET IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN", "Prewencja p\u0142askostopia u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym", "Agnieszka Radzimi\u0144ska1, Sebastian Szyper1, Irena Bu\u0142atowicz1, Grzegorz Srokowski1,3, Urszula Ka\u017amierczak1, Katarzyna Strojek1, Magdalena Kaliszewska2, Maciej Dzier\u017canowski4,Walery Zukow5", "1Chair and Department of Kinesitherapy and Therapeutic Massage, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "2Chair and Clinic of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "3Faculty of Health Sciences, Elblag University of Humanities and Economy, Elblag, Poland", "4Chair and Department of Manual Therapy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "5Faculty of Health Sciences, Radom University, Radom, Poland", "Correspondent Author:", "Agnieszka Radzimi\u0144ska,", "Chair and Department of Kinesitherapy and Therapeutic Massage, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Torun, Poland", "Katedra i Zak\u0142ad Kinezyterapii i Masa\u017cu Leczniczego, UMK w Toruniu CM im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, ul. M. Sk\u0142odowskiej Curie 9, 85- 094 Bydgoszcz,", "agnieszka.radziminska@gmail.com", "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2011;", "This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland", "Number of characters: 45 000 (with abstracts). Number of images: 10 x 1000 characters (lump sum)= 10 000 characters.", "Total: Number of characters: 55 000 (with abstracts, summaries and graphics)=1,375 spreadsheets publishing.", "Keywords: prevention; flat feet; preschool; faulty posture.", "Abstract", "Introduction: One of the most common defects in the foot is flat feet in children. The preschool should seek to increase the angle of Clarke\u2019s up to 6 years old, but very often we do not observe this phenomenon. This affects negatively the orthostatic accuracy of apparatus motion what the consequences are serious posture defects.", "Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of preschool children with particular emphasis on the development of lower limbs and feet. The essence of the need for prevention will allow accurate diagnosis with regard to attitudes evolution feet.", "Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 40 children, selected after an initial medical examination for the corrective and compensatory gymnastics. The Group has 19 girls and 21 boys aged from 3 to 7 years. Feet were checked by examination of podoskop. The assessment team needs a class in terms of deviations in the attitude of antibody method was used by Kasperczyk. In determining the type of attitude typology used by Brown and Staffel.", "Results: The study group average angular Clarke\u2019s left foot was 35,15 degrees. For the right foot average was 31,95 degrees. Half of the units was characterized by a value of less than 35 degrees. Analysis of own studies showed a significant correlation between the index of the angle of Clarke\u2019s attitude survey by Kasperczyk and Wolanski.", "Conclusions: flat feet often coexists with a small degree of posture (Kasperczyk). In simpler classifications, such as study companions Wolanski attitude described as evil. Younger children (3-4 years) have a smaller slope towards the feet, which is not always to be understood as a pathology of development. In older children (5-7 years), we observe a greater slope towards the foot.", "S\u0142owa kluczowe: prewencja p\u0142askostopia, stopa plaska, p\u0142askostopie przedszkolne, wady postawy.", "Streszczenie", "Jedn\u0105 z najcz\u0119stszych wad st\u00f3p u dzieci jest p\u0142askostopie. W wieku przedszkolnym powinno dochodzi\u0107 do powi\u0119kszania k\u0105ta Clarke`a a\u017c do 6 roku \u017cycia, jednak\u017ce bardzo cz\u0119sto nie obserwujemy tego zjawiska. Wp\u0142ywa to negatywnie na ortostatyczn\u0105 \u015bcis\u0142o\u015b\u0107 aparatu ruchu, czego konsekwencjami s\u0105 powa\u017cne wady postawy.", "Cel: Celem pracy jest ocena postawy dzieci przedszkolnych ze szczeg\u00f3lnym uwzgl\u0119dnieniem ko\u0144czyn dolnych i rozwoju st\u00f3p. Istot\u0119 konieczno\u015bci stosowania prewencji umo\u017cliwi dok\u0142adna diagnoza postawy z uwzgl\u0119dnieniem ewaluacji st\u00f3p.", "Materia\u0142 i Metody: Badania przeprowadzono na grupie 40 dzieci, zakwalifikowanych po wst\u0119pnej analizie lekarskiej do programu gimnastyki korekcyjno-kompensacyjnej. Grupa liczy 19 dziewcz\u0105t i 21 ch\u0142opc\u00f3w w wieku od 3 do 7 lat. Stopy skontrolowano dzi\u0119ki badaniu podoskopowemu. W ocenie potrzeb zespo\u0142u klasowego pod k\u0105tem przeciwdzia\u0142ania odchyleniom w postawie cia\u0142a pos\u0142u\u017cono si\u0119 metod\u0105 wg Kasperczyka. W okre\u015bleniu typu postawy zastosowano typologi\u0119 wg Browna oraz Staffela.", "Wyniki: W badanej grupie \u015bredni wska\u017anik k\u0105towy Clarke'a stopy lewej wyni\u00f3s\u0142 35,15 stopnia. Dla stopy prawej warto\u015b\u0107 \u015brednia wynios\u0142a 31,95 stopnia. Po\u0142owa jednostek cechowa\u0142a si\u0119 warto\u015bci\u0105 mniejsz\u0105 ni\u017c 35 stopni. Analiza bada\u0144 w\u0142asnych, wykaza\u0142a istotn\u0105 zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 pomi\u0119dzy wska\u017anikiem k\u0105ta Clarka`e a badaniem postawy wg Kasperczyka i Wola\u0144skiego.", "Wnioski: P\u0142askostopie bardzo cz\u0119sto wsp\u00f3\u0142istnieje z wadami postawy niewielkiego stopnia (Kasperczyk). W prostszych klasyfikacjach takich jak badanie Wola\u0144skiego towarzyszy postawie okre\u015blanej jako z\u0142a. M\u0142odsze dzieci (3-4 lat) posiadaj\u0105 mniejsze wysklepienie st\u00f3p, co nie zawsze powinno by\u0107 pojmowane jako patologia rozwoju. U dzieci starszych (5-7 lat) obserwujemy wi\u0119ksze wysklepienie stopy.", "Introduction", "The foot is extremely important for humans because of its functions in general locomotion, the support and cushioning throughout the body. Historically, the natural environment in the form of varied terrain forced her to continuous operation and proper development of its structure. In these times of tough urban conditions, ie bituminous substrates combined with poor footwear lead to numerous deformities and pathological formation of arch over feet in children. [1].", "Considering the whole foot biomechanics consider the movements and ranges of many joints comprising it. Performance of the whole structure is dependent on the rate of stabilizers steps active - passive and from the above-mentioned permanent bone architecture. [2, 3].", "Great importance to the smooth functioning of joint leaps is the ankle, or talocrural joint. Belongs to a group of hinge joints, which work through the thigh muscle is able to bend the dorsal and plantar foot. These movements are made about the transverse axis, which crosses both the ankle and the medial side. Thanks to the above axis forms an angle of 82\u00ba with the axis of the tibia shaft. From the position of functional interest, or such in which it is set parallel to the substrate to form an angle of 90\u00b0 from the shin, is it possible to snap (for foot unweighted) to 20\u00b0 - 30\u00b0 and flexion to 40\u00b0 - 50\u00b0. Under full load the leg bending backward with the foot forms an angle of 50\u00b0 and the forward angle of 30\u00b0. [3, 4].", "According Dziak [5] the band plantar flexor muscles of interest include the following:", "gastrocnemius, mantleable, tibialis posterior, and the dorsal flexor muscles of the team: tibialis anterior, rectifier long fingers, third sagittal.", "The potency of rectifiers is four feet lower than the flexor. While maintaining good posture must be maintained balance between extensor and flexor muscles, because they teeter on the shin pad of the talus. Positioning of the foot during gait in which forces continued its correction by means of muscles. [3, 4, 5].", "The potency of rectifiers of the foot is fourfold lower than of flexors. At keeping the good posture of the body kept a balance must be between muscles of rectifiers but flexors, because the shin balances on the block of the talus. During the walk placing the base oneself what extorts constant her correction with the help of muscles. [3, 4, 5].", "Another joint, which affects the function of the foot is joint the ankle-calcaneal-navicular. In it movements of turning away both converting, dissuading and driving ace well ace bending and straightening the foot out occur. These moves interface with themselves and visiting and straightening the foot out harmonizes with converting, and driving and bending accompanies turning away. While walking hey different base thanks it these moves the foot is able perfectly it accommodate itself. The axis in this joint spends feet running from the calcanean tuber it the paracentral side. In rank feet among muscles which participate in the supination: flat tibial front, flat long flexor of digits, flat tibial back, flat the long flexor of the hallux and the Achilles tendon, and and flat participates in the pronation fibular debts, flat fibular short, flat long extensor of the hallux and the flat long extensor of digits. In the correctly educated foot moves of converting and turning away exalt about 30\u00ba. Movements in all tarsal-metatarsal joints firmly are limited and adapt the arch of the foot it base. [3, 4, 5].", "Movements in ponds between phalangeal and metatarsal-digital have picking uneven base up for the task. In metatarsal-phalangeal joints they are taking movements of the dorsiflexion out about 60 \u00b0, and moves of the plantar flexion 30\u00ba. The hallux at the foot cannot make moves to side. His function is based on strong driving to base. In the position rest in such a way that digits of feet are standing in metatarsal-phalangeal ponds are bent dorsal, and in joints between phalangeal closer and more distant in the plantar flexion (shape of talons). \tWhile burdening front for foot during the walk interosseous muscles plantar are setting metatarsal bones altogether digits, as well as heads. However they are deployed during very contact of the heel with base (a charge is missing). [3, 4, 5].", "A flat foot is one of the most frequent defects in bases (Fig. 1). The large percentage out of all deformations has character of the acquired vice. The flat foot consists in lowering insteps (oblong and crosswise). Abundance of factors predisposing flat feet to the formation so as wearing the bad footwear, overloading feet caused by the excess weight or inappropriate habitual standing or walking causes that it is hard to save children from the major defect a flat foot is which. [6, 7].", "At children to about 4 the year of age is being observed so-called seeming flat foot or differently called the early-child's flat foot. The seeming triggered flat foot is a presence at the child of a lot of an underlayer of fat, with the faint work of the muscles holding insteps and with walk on widely deployed bases. At children in century 4 - 5 years the early-child's flat foot should disappear. [5, 8]. The nursery school age is a very important period in the development and shaping correct topping with a vaulted roof feet at children. Age is a stage of the dynamic psychomotor evolution, experiencing new sensations and the ability. At that time it should reach for enlarging the angle Clarke's all the way to 6 of year of age, unfortunately very often we don't observe this phenomenon. [9, 10].", "The foot is already exposed to deformations from 7 of month of the life. Very often fast forcing by parents a standing position at the child causes the market, that to the poor distortion is still seeking the skeleton of the foot. It isn't possible to hasten correct stages of the development of the ontogenic child. At the child in the baby century seating it on the edge of the bed, or chairs are other mistake which largely is contributing to the malformation of the foot this way, that the edge of base is pressing down on the popliteal fossa. Such a position is bringing consequences in the form of the fainter blood supply to muscles shaping the foot, of what weakening them is a result. The pre-school malformation of feet is caused also through wearing the unsuitable footwear, of long staying on bad ground (courts poured out with concrete) or of bad nourishing. [5, 11]. An elimination is lacking factors predisposing to the creation of the talipes planus, as well as not-controling the development for her is triggering the progress bone-articular deformations. It influences negatively, peculiarly the orthostatic accuracy of the system of the move in the pre-school period, of what grave abnormal spinal curvatures and silhouettes are consequences. [1, 6]. Pre-school substantial changes are also very much occurring in the psychomotor development of the child. The aspiration to the perfection at the motor efficiency is getting the child thanks to the great coordination. [12, 13].", "Figure 1. Plantoconturogramme flat feet [slide own]", "Prevention of defects of interest is most effective during childhood. If it is not used to perpetuate the disease and carries a heightened impact and irreversible in the form of advanced deformity and pain. [14].", "In terms of prevention should be involved in addition to the teacher and gymnastics instructor, also a parent. It is important that the prevention program was also used in the home. This ensures continuity and comprehensiveness of treatment. Parents have a responsibility observation and possible intervention when a child does not attend the classes to any educational institution. [15, 16].", "For the prevention of flat foot include the use of proper footwear, proper maintenance of physical activity and proper way of life, education of parents and children, working on the consolidation of the normal habits of proper loading of the foot. [1, 15, 16, 17].", "Suitable footwear in its preventive effect by using a special type of heel prevented the foot twisting out of shape Thomas heel, and forefoot brings. Prophylactic footwear in no way could hurt the foot. To rate could develop in a proper manner shoes child must have a rigid heel counter, soft and flexible sole, high lacing, which does not oppress the back foot and a high front, which will not restrict the free movements of the fingers. [3, 5, 17, 18].", "Learn proper foot loading during walking and standing is also important in preventing a form of flat feet. Fig. 2.", "Figure 2. Schematic of the load of individual human foot plantar surface in the standing position [19].", "Correct rates are located in relation to each other in parallel. It allows for symmetrical distribution of weight on both lower limbs. During the gait should be paid special attention to the way the load of the foot. It should be gradual. The first contact with the ground initiates the heel, metatarsal and then the latter is the forefoot. The last phase is a reflection of feet from the ground using your fingers. This sequence allows for alternating and muscles to work effectively. [3, 18].", "Maintaining adequate physical activity, along with caring for a healthy lifestyle to prevent distortion of the feet (Fig. 3). Already in childhood and have fun walking barefoot on natural ground that is grass or sand allow the child to unfettered movement in the joints of the foot. Swimming also allows free movement in the joints located in relieving. Additionally, you can enter the gymnastic exercises performed prophylactically at home to maintain the full range of motion in the joints of the foot. Should be used regularly several times a day. Each of the types of physical activity acts preventatively in distortion of the human foot. To improve muscle performance rates in obese people contributes to a large extent, the reduction of body weight. Less weight helps the muscles responsible for maintaining proper wysklepienia feet. [3, 18].", "Figure 3. Classes of bags. One form of exercise for a flat rate [20].", "Untreated foot becomes flat ground a number of musculoskeletal complications. Underestimation of the appropriate corrective exercises and prevention can lead to diseases which can prevent the condition or walking (an advanced form of defects). The absence of any therapeutic intervention makes the child flat feet cause pain in the feet, calves, and spine and through the bone deformation contributes to the reduction in functional capacity of the foot. It can also be a consequence of earlier degenerative changes. Painful feet is also a direct cause of decline in physical activity in children. The resulting hipokinesis is one of the main causes of muscle failure in children. [18, 20, 21, 22].", "The consequence of an elongated flat feet are often chronic inflammation of bags and ligaments around the foot and lateral toe valgus described above. In children with normal body shape can be seen setting the axial line of the lower limbs and shoulders and hips set is called. symmetrical posture. Reducing muscle tension responsible for the axial setting of the lower limbs may cause abnormal posture, the consequence may be: valgus and hyperextension in the knee joints and a round or flat back, which is the substrate for subsequent formation of scoliosis. [5, 6, 18].", "Valgus knees very often coexists with the foot flat-crooked. This defect arises from the increased pressure on the external condyle of the femur with the consequence of inhibiting the growth side of the knee. This situation, along with stretching the tibial collateral ligament and peroneal shortening of the collateral causes shin to the home position to visit (ankle measured from the inner side are at a distance greater than 5cm). [18, 21, 22].", "Flat feet may also indirectly contribute to a flat back. They are characterized by flattening of the curvature of the spine and pelvis anteversion, which may cause loss of function of depreciation of the spine. The back round is primarily increased thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis. This leads to muscle stretch rectifier back and neck. Head and shoulders are in protraction. [6, 18, 20, 22].", "Confirmation of the relationship between growth rate and the evolution of the spine is the statement Steinmetz [1], who believes that: There is a correlation between the type of forming a foot, and the evolution of the spine. If the rate can be improved by the spine, the spine can be improved by the foot. Work must always begin with a spine.", "Proceedings of correction - compensating depends on etiology occurring defects and selected on an individual basis. The stage of defects, child's gender, age and lifestyle can have a significant effect on the character of flat feet. In the case of flat feet - crooked corrective action should be based on physiotherapy. Gymnastics in the chronic period should focus on properly setting up the heel and forefoot, stretch muscles contracture (m. three-headed calves), strengthening appropriate muscle groups responsible for maintaining arch of the foot. It is also important to introduce your child has the habit of regarding the proper standing and walking. During acute when it is bent flat rate applies only to immobilization. [17, 21, 22].", "The correction and compensation through appropriate exercises flat feet affect the areas of: bone and joints, neurofisiological, musculo-ligament, environmental, and emotional-volitional. One of the major tasks of corrective is to educate the child and the guardian of the presence of defects and its consequences and increased sense of awareness of one's own body. The child therapist should also seek to obtain a suitably smooth muscle stabilization - ligamentous. [17, 22].", "This task posed a corrective action - compensation is to achieve specific objectives. The most important first of all corrections include flat feet and getting the correct structure of the foot, avoiding the occurrence of defects if the foot is exposed to adverse environmental conditions that may contribute to the creation and achievement of full functional capacity of the foot. If you can not fully eliminate the disadvantages of the therapist should get the best visual status of what is possible to consolidate and reduce the rate of progression of flat feet. \tThe pace and intensity of exercise should be individually tailored to the child. Too high load can lead to a decline in the commitment and motivation to participate in gymnastics classes. [16, 18, 17, 22].", "A very important principle, which applies to all types of exercises in a proceeding to enforce the correction is appropriate and correct adjustment of the foot. With this principle it is possible to effectively work the muscles. Do not use it can greatly accelerate the pace of development of flat feet and deepen his character. [16, 17, 22].", "Keeping compensating gymnastics - correction associated with knowledge of the methodology of physical education. Physical exercises they perform the children participating in activities to contribute to the correction of defects (Fig. 4) Any form of exercise has the characteristic methods and principles that should be familiar with and follow the lead instructor. [8, 17].", "Figure 4. Exercises strengthen the muscles springing interest in relieving [17].", "The methodology of teaching gymnastics pays special attention to using appropriate starting points, the selection and manner of execution of exercises, the attitude of the operator, baby clothes and a place and time of exercise. [8, 17].", "Selection of the appropriate starting position is extremely important (Fig. 5). Valid body system is largely exercises can help, and more importantly setting incorrect posture can accelerate progression of the defect. Each entry should work on an existing anomaly correction attitude. Setting body should be selected individually to the existing defects and practicing motor skills. By choosing the appropriate starting position instructor can enforce traffic only in their intended distance. It may also get relief back or feet.", "Figure 5. Handcuffable sitting position [17].", "The basic starting points used in gymnastics compensating correction include: lying back and front, the position of low and medium Klapp, kneels supported, simple, sitting, kneeling, handcuffable, bent, crossed, straight, overhang, and active and passive state. [17].", "Selection of gymnastics should be on a division into age groups. Younger children should perform exercises in the form of a play. The aim is to increase motivation and engagement in activities. Child expressing acceptance of exercises proposed by the instructor should feel free to controlled. In older children apply strict form of exercise. Each exercise must be proportional to the motor skills of preschoolers. The degree of difficulty of exercises should be decided individually. The condition for effective corrective gymnastics child is fully involved in the implementation of such exercises, which will be enforced in his adoption of the adjusted position. Gymnastics can not act tiring out and demotivating to the child. The instructor should be used in a variety of gymnastics alternate implementation easier and more difficult exercises, static and dynamic, separate muscle groups (eg, exercise the legs and shoulder girdle). The load can be controlled exercise their duration or quantity of specific repeats. Very often, due to used additional apparatus instructor can get the child to clarify the correctness of the exercises, as well as increase their motivation. [8, 17, 21].", "The most important thing we should pay attention to each activity leader of corrective and compensatory gymnastics is to keep the child continuously adjusted position. The loss of this attitude removes the sense of correction and compensation defects in children. Continuous monitoring of the child determines the position adjusted to obtain the correct figure of a habit. [8, 17, 21].", "Important role in the course of compensating gymnastics classes - plays correction mentioned above leads. His responsibilities include monitoring the course of each exercise, selecting the appropriate choice of starting positions and additional instruments. All of these tasks should be completed while motivating children to exercise and maintain complete discipline. [1, 17].", "Exercise should be done in a properly equipped gym or a specially adapted room. Place of practice should be checked by the teacher in order to exclude and remove items that may be the cause of the accident. (Eg, sharp things, kant table or vase). The child should be practicing in the room feel comfortable and at ease. A very important element is the child's dress, which should be clean, neat and most importantly can not restrict his movements. [8].", "Time compensating corrective gymnastics should be dependent on the concentration and commitment to children. Generally it does not exceed 20-30 min. However, the operator should always specify the length of individual classes until the first signs of discouragement in children. Exercises performed each time the child also is an individual matter. [8, 21].", "A very clear pattern of gymnastics classes correction compensating for flat feet represents Kasperczyk [18]:", "Part I", "Collection, greeting, job application lesson", "Animating fun - drawing attention to the correct setting of interest", "Part II", "Exercise arms and legs - low positions", "Legs and abdominal exercises - relaxation", "Exercise the legs and torso in relieving - removing any contractures", "Exercise arms, abdomen and buttocks - in relieving", "Exercises possums - in relieving", "Abdominal exercises and foot supination", "Exercises the back and buttocks", "Exercise equivalent and possums", "Half an overhang and overhangs", "Fun lively flat running or gripping exercises with elements", "Part III", "Gambol with a focus on the correct setting of interest", "The march, paying attention to the correct setting of interest", "Completion - a discussion of lessons and homework.", "Aim of study", "The aim of the study is to assess the attitudes of preschool children with particular emphasis on the development of lower limbs and feet. Kindergarten is a dynamic stage of psychomotor development of children, experiencing new experiences and skills. In addition to positive change, this period may foster the emergence and consolidation of multiple defects in the flat feet. The direct benefit of participating in the research program is accurate diagnosis, taking into account the attitude of the foot and the inclusion of evolution child gymnastics program targeted compensating - correction. To achieve a particular purpose should answer the following questions:", "What is the status of the foot preschool children assessed on the basis of Clarke`s angle indicator Sztriter - Godunov?", "Is there a relationship between poor functional status and attitude of the child's feet?", "Shaped like flat feet in children of different ages?", "Material and methods", "Tests were conducted on a group of 40 children, who after an initial medical examination were eligible for participation in the corrective and compensatory gymnastics. All children are aged 3 to 7 years, including 19 girls and 21 boys. Every day they attend kindergarten No 19 and 80 in Bydgoszcz. Of all the children participating in the correctional and compensatory gymnastics in the study involved only those who have obtained written consent from a parent or legal guardian after having regard to the information concerning the conduct of the study.", "Figure 6. Material.", "Selection of the group took place on the basis of interviews and conversations with parents / guardians and the physician.", "The study was conducted in kindergartens No. 80 (Street Kujawska) and No. 19 (Street Grunwaldzka) in Bydgoszcz. Eligibility for the study was to test the direct consent of the child and family or guardian. Tests were conducted over a period of 6 weeks.", "Alloys have been examined by studying podoskop involve the creation of accurate prints (plantoconturogramme) to obtain information about the spatial shape topping with a vaulted roof feet. This allows for a reliable assessment of longitudinal topping with a vaulted roof, hallux valgus angle evaluation, varus angle of the finger and the observation of load-bearing areas. So you can determine the correctness of the distribution of pressure forces. To be able to read prints rates were used the following indicators: Clarke`s angle, which consists in determining the tangent line along the medial edge of the foot (CS) and the inner tangent (qq). Intersection of two straight lines makes an angle of Clarke`s. Values of this index topping with a vaulted roof determine the level of interest where: x - 30\u00ba - flat rate, 31\u00b0 -41\u00b0 - reduced the rate of topping with a vaulted roof, 42\u00ba -54\u00ba - normal rate, 55\u00b0-x - rate of elevated topping with a vaulted roof. Sztriter-Godunov indicator is defined in the middle of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Consists in determining the length of the shaded part of the quotient plantoconturogramme to the length of the shaded and not shaded together. The result of this activity is classified according to the universal distribution rate: hollow rate of 0.00 \u2013 0.25, normal rate of 0.26 \u2013 0.45, reduced the rate of I\u00b0 0.46 \u2013 0.49, reduced rate of II\u00b0 0.50 - 0.75, flat rate of 0.76 - 1.00.", "Another indicator is the juxtaposition of two tangents of internal and external, forming an angle of heel Gamma. The standard recognizes the interval 15\u00b0 -18\u00b0. A very important factor, which assesses the size of flat feet is the ratio of transverse Wejsflog. It is the ratio of debt to the width of the foot bones. With photographs of plantoconturogramme can also designate a hallux valgus angle of Alpha or value of the angle contained between the tangent to the medial edge of a tangent drawn interest from the point at its widest point to the outer edge of the forefoot toe. Varus angle of the finger is determined by analogy on the outer side of the foot.", "Research methodology was based on three stages. The first stage (ie selective), a selection of children who were tested was held on the basis of interviews and conversations with parents / guardians. The second stage (right) consisting of a preliminary examination was performed which will include: research podoskop involve the creation of accurate prints (plantoconturogramme) to obtain information about the spatial shape topping with a vaulted roof feet. This allows for a reliable assessment of longitudinal topping with a vaulted roof, hallux valgus angle evaluation, varus angle of the finger and the observation of load-bearing areas. So you can determine the correctness of the distribution of pressure forces. The last step is to analyze the results of which method was used for data analysis of interdependence of two variables using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient and chi-squared test to examine the strength and direction of the correlation between the examined variables.", "The assessment team needs a class in terms of prevention and countering deviations in posture and body structure scoring method was used by Kasperczyk and Wolanski. In determining the type of attitude typology used by Brown and by Season. An essential element of the study is to evaluate the visual stance of the body from front, back, side and top position in front bend.", "The method of scoring has allowed the analytical description of the components of attitudes; lists defects that occur, their location, nature and size. This method also allowed satisfactorily overcome difficulties arising from the individual variation of posture, and they are particularly troublesome when the need to test the eligibility of some type attitude, as is the case, for example, in the methods of silhouette. The study objective rates are used by plantoconturographic.", "Compared the level of individual motor skills in a child with physical fitness test Wroclaw by B. Sekita.The proposed set of test samples was twice tested for accuracy, reliability, selectivity, and objectivity. This test consists of three tests: medicine ball throw (1 kg), short course (20 kg), long jump and the space shuttle run (4x5m). The results can determine the appropriate level of physical abilities of the child.", "Results", "Results were processed by analysis of the interdependence of two variables using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient and chi-squared test to examine the strength and direction of the correlation between the examined variables. Also calculated the following parameters: median, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, arithmetic mean.", "Table I. Distribution interstitial series Clarke`s rate for the left and right feet.", "Indicator in \u00b0\tLeft\tRights", "0-14\t6\t8", "15-29\t10\t6", "30-44\t10\t16", "45-59\t10\t10", "60-74\t4\t0", "Figure 7. Clarke`s rate for the left and right feet.", "In the study group average angular Clarke for the left foot was 35.15 degree, and for half of the respondents was less than 39 degrees. For the right foot average was 31,95 degrees, and half of individuals characterized by a value of less than 35 degrees. Both the left and right foot we have a very large variation of results for each individual. It is respectively 53% and 50% of the average. The chart above shows the distribution of abundance ratio for each foot.", "Figure 8. Diagram of correlation ratio Clarke `s left foot against right foot.", "The above diagram illustrates the interdependence of interest rate interest rates left and right. As you can see we have a positive linear relationship.", "Table II. Basic statistics on the Clarke`s Angle.", "medium\t35.15\t31.95", "standard deviation\t18.57\t16.09", "coefficient of variation\t53.\t50%", "median\t39\t35", "Figure 9. Sztriter Godunov indicator for left and right feet.", "The chart above shows the distribution of abundance ratio for each foot. In the study group average Sztriter - Godunov for the left foot was 0.55, while for half of the respondents was less than 0.58. For the right foot average was 0.59, and half the units were characterized by a value less than 0.56. Both the left and right foot have quite large differences in results for each individual. It is respectively 43% and 40% of the average.", "Figure 10. Ratio correlation diagram Sztriter-Godunov left foot against right foot.", "The chart above shows the interdependence of interest rate interest rates left and right. As you can see we have a positive linear relationship.", "Based on an analysis of these data dependencies. All tests were performed at the significance level 0.05.", "The relationship between angular rate and attitude by Clarke Kasperczyk: The left foot was examined using correlation significance test of Pearson's correlation coefficient.The resulting value of the test statistics at the critical value - 0.642 0.312 test indicates a statistically significant relationship between the studied traits.For a right-foot resulting test statistic value - 0.6929 at the critical value test of 0.312 indicates a statistically significant relationship between the studied traits. Pearson coefficient indicates a moderate negative linear relationship.", "In examining the relationship between angular rate and age for Clarke left foot resulting value of the test statistics at the critical value 0.408 0.312 test indicates a statistically significant relationship between the studied traits. Pearson coefficient indicates a moderate positive linear relationship. For the right foot while the value obtained test statistics with the critical value 0.513 0.312 test also indicates a statistically significant relationship between the studied traits.", "Table III. Distribution interstitial series for the index Sztriter\u2013Godunov foot left and right.", "Indicator\tLeft\tright", "0-0,2\t3\t2", "0,2-0,4\t6\t4", "0,4-0,6\t13\t16", "0,6-0,8\t1\t9", "0,8-1\t6\t9", "Table IV. Basic statistical data on the rate-Sztriter-Godunov.", "medium\t0.55\t0.59", "standard deviation\t0.24\t0.24", "coefficient of variation\t43.\t40%", "median\t0.58\t0.56", "Table V. Distribution interstitial series for calcaneal angle gamma.", "angle\tLeft\tright", "8-12\t3\t2", "13-17\t25\t26", "18-22\t1\t11", "23-27\t0\t1", "Discussion", "Presented results show the problem had flat feet in children at preschool age, and its correlation with other developmental traits.", "According to Shepherd [8], flat feet in children is mainly caused by impaired muscle responsible for maintaining the physiological curves of the foot. He believes that a flat rate of correction can be achieved, inter alia, by strengthening them. The best way to improve muscle performance in children is corrective and compensatory gymnastics, which through carefully selected exercises is effective both in treatment and prevention. A similar view is considered Kutzner-Kozi\u0144ska [21], which says that as far as improving exercise all the elements of interest are amplified in terms of heightened physiological stimuli. Increases efficiency and can easily overpower the foot of these large loads. Karski and colleagues [23] reported that the main cause of flat feet in children preschool age is a shortening of muscle flaccidity three-headed and arthritis, which contributes to the destabilization of the ligaments in the ankle joints. Also believes that the correction of the foot flat-crooked can be obtained through the use of special exercises to increase muscle performance, together with removal of existing contractures. According to Hare-Gawlak and colleagues [24] compensating corrective exercises for a flat rate must be selected individually for each child and are based on the elimination of jumps, the correction of tumor settings calcaneal long axis drumsticks and play physiological points of support.", "The results have emphasized the need for prevention and prevention of flat feet at pre-school. In a group of kindergarten children average angular Clarke for the left foot was 35.15 degrees. For the right foot average was 31.95 degrees, and half of individuals characterized by a value of less than 35 degrees. These data are eligible children at reduced rates topping with a vaulted roof. Similar results were obtained Lizis [3], studying 2799 children who received the Clarke value of angle `in the range 32\u00b0 -47\u00b0. Also Galinski et al [9] obtained similar results by examining a group of children 7-10 years old. Alloys with low topping with a vaulted roof had over half of boys and about 41% of girls. Analysis of results shows the average Sztriter-Godunov for the left foot equals 0.55, while for half of the respondents was less than 0.58. For the right foot average was 0.59, and half the units were characterized by a value less than 0.56. Tell you that a large group of children has reduced the interest rate of second-degree by Sztriter-Godunov.", "Flat feet is a problem whose consequences may be further complications in the ankle, knee or spine. In people with advanced flat rate, we can see rapid damage and above all, deformities in the organ motion. [6, 18, 20, 22].", "It is believed that up to about 3 years after birth can not talk about flat foot child. Weak concavity foot is caused by the presence of soft, fatty tissue in the plantar part. In the last 3 years should observe the process of creating topping with a vaulted roof sole of the foot. Properly extending its development in the period 3-6 years has the highest annual increase in the angle of Clarke`s, so you can clearly be observed properly arched like a bow, both longitudinal and transverse. Also Makarczuk [25] argues that a small flat feet occur in preschool should not be too upset if educators are not connected with crooked heel setting. Summarizing the results of children in the study group, whose age 5 years is the dominant value takes a positive linear relationship between the moderate angle of Clarke`s (left and right feet) and the age of the children. For the left foot test statistic value is 0.408 at the critical value test of 0.312, and 0.513 for the right foot at the critical value test of 0.312. You can recognize that children at a younger age of 3-4 years have a low arched feet. Similarly, consider Trzci\u0144ska et al [26], which concluded in their research that the value of the angle of Clarke`s 8 year old girls is over 35\u00b0, while in the oldest group (16 years), children's feet are arched at the level of 44.1\u00b0. In another research work Trzci\u0144ska et al [27] presented a similar conclusion, which says that the angle of Clarke`s and reached higher values in the older groups of pupils and students. [3, 18].", "Conclusions", "Based on the survey should provide the following conclusions:", "1. State interest of the children at preschool age can be described as bad, as the average angular rate of Clarke`s the right foot was 31.95\u00b0, with the left foot 35.15\u00b0 (both scores to qualify for reduced rates topping with a vaulted roof). Average rate Sztriter-Godunov for the right foot was 0.59, 0.55 for the left foot (feet reduced second-degree).", "2. Flat feet as a serious flaw on the structure of the foot very often coexists with a small degree of posture (Kasperczyk). In simpler classifications such as attitude survey attitude accompanied Wolanski described as evil.", "3. Younger children (3-4 years) have lower rates of topping with a vaulted roof, which is not always to be understood as a pathology of development. In older children (5-7 years), we observe a greater slope towards the foot. 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Effect of physical therapy for the return function of upper limbs after severe injuries in women aged 40-60 years = Wp\u0142yw zabieg\u00f3w fizjoterapeutycznych na powr\u00f3t funkcji ko\u0144czyn g\u00f3rnych po przebytych urazach u kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 40-60 lat. [in] Czerwi\u0144ska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Rados\u0142aw Ed., Napiera\u0142a Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 41-56. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. \u00a9 The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland.", "Original Text published \u00a9 The Author (s) 2012. Brychczynska Maria, Trela Ewa, Nalazek Anna, Zukow Walery. Effect of physical therapy for the return function of upper limbs after severe injuries in women aged 40-60 years = Wp\u0142yw zabieg\u00f3w fizjoterapeutycznych na powr\u00f3t funkcji ko\u0144czyn g\u00f3rnych po przebytych urazach u kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 40-60 lat. Journal of Health Sciences. 2012;2(1):41-56. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Open Access Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. 2012.", "EFFECT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR THE RETURN FUNCTION OF UPPER LIMBS AFTER SEVERE INJURIES IN WOMEN AGED 40-60 YEARS", "Wp\u0142yw zabieg\u00f3w fizjoterapeutycznych na powr\u00f3t funkcji ko\u0144czyn g\u00f3rnych po przebytych urazach u kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 40-60 lat", "Maria Brychczynska1, Ewa Trela1,2, Anna Nalazek2,3, Walery Zukow2", "1Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland", "2Faculty of Health Sciences, Radom University, Radom, Poland", "3Faculty of Health and Tourism, University of Economy, Bydgoszcz, Poland", "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2011;", "This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland", "Number of characters: 46 000 (with abstracts). Number of images: 18 x 1000 characters (lump sum)= 18 000 characters.", "Total: Number of characters: 64 000 (with abstracts, summaries and graphics)=1,6 spreadsheets publishing.", "Keywords: physical therapy; function; upper limbs; injuries; women.", "Abstract", "Upper limb is a precise and complex system of bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons. The skeleton enters its 37 bones. These bones are connected by movable joints or connections. Among the upper limb joints can be distinguished: the shoulder joints (ie, a team of three joints: the glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sterno-cleido joint), elbow (built from the brachiocephalic elbow joint, the joint brachiocephalic radial and radial-ulnar joint proximal), carpal joint.", "These ponds are vulnerable to injury. The causes of injury is very much, but the most common include traffic accidents, accidents at home and work accidents. There are many divisions of injuries, one of them is the breakdown by type of damage. Given this criterion, we can distinguish the following injuries: contusions, sprains, dislocations and fractures. Each of the trauma induces local and systemic change, the magnitude of these changes depends on the size, type and location of damage.", "Proceedings physiotherapy aims to eliminate the changes caused by trauma. The scope of physical therapy and laser therapy is used magneto. These treatments are designed to accelerate the regeneration process, causing an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. In the case of injuries in addition to physical therapy is advisable to use kinesis. Exercise steps-passive and active exercises are free to increase muscle strength and improve range of motion in the joints.", "S\u0142owa kluczowe: fizjoterapia; funkcja; ko\u0144czyny g\u00f3rne; urazy; kobieta.", "Streszczenie", "Ko\u0144czyna g\u00f3rna stanowi precyzyjny i skomplikowany system ko\u015bci, mi\u0119\u015bni, wi\u0119zade\u0142 i \u015bci\u0119gien. W sk\u0142ad jej szkieletu wchodzi 37 ko\u015bci. Ko\u015bci te po\u0142\u0105czone s\u0105 za pomoc\u0105 ruchomych po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 czyli staw\u00f3w. W\u015br\u00f3d staw\u00f3w ko\u0144czyny g\u00f3rnej mo\u017cemy wyr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107: staw barkowy (czyli zesp\u00f3\u0142 trzech staw\u00f3w: stawu ramiennego, stawu barkowo-obojczykowego, stawu mostkowo-obojczykowego), staw \u0142okciowy (zbudowany z stawu ramienno-lokciowego, stawu ramienno-promieniowego oraz stawu promieniowo-\u0142okciowego bli\u017cszego), staw nadgarstkowy.", "Stawy te nara\u017cone s\u0105 na urazy. Przyczyn uraz\u00f3w jest bardzo wiele, jednak do najcz\u0119stszych nale\u017c\u0105 wypadki komunikacyjne, wypadki w domu oraz wypadki przy pracy. Istnieje wiele podzia\u0142\u00f3w uraz\u00f3w, jednym z nich jest podzia\u0142 ze wzgl\u0119du na rodzaj uszkodzenia. Bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 to kryterium wyr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 mo\u017cna nast\u0119puj\u0105ce urazy: st\u0142uczenia, skr\u0119cenia, zwichni\u0119cia i z\u0142amania. Ka\u017cdy z uraz\u00f3w wywo\u0142uje zmiany miejscowe i og\u00f3lnoustrojowe, wielko\u015b\u0107 tych zmian zale\u017cy od wielko\u015bci, rodzaju i miejsca uszkodzenia.", "Post\u0119powanie fizjoterapeutyczne ma na celu zlikwidowanie zmian wywo\u0142anych poprzez uraz. Z zakresu fizykoterapii stosuje si\u0119 laseroterapie oraz magnetoterapie. Zabiegi te maj\u0105 na celu przyspieszy\u0107 procesy regeneracji, powoduj\u0105 dzia\u0142anie przeciwb\u00f3lowe oraz przeciwzapalne. W przypadku uraz\u00f3w opr\u00f3cz fizykoterapii wskazane jest stosowanie kinezyterapii. \u0106wiczenia czynno-bierne oraz \u0107wiczenia czynne wolne maj\u0105 na celu zwi\u0119kszenie si\u0142y mi\u0119\u015bniowej oraz poprawi\u0107 zakres ruchomo\u015bci w stawach.", "Introduction", "Human evolution has led to the adoption by its upright position and improved motor function. Changes in the structure of human locomotor allowed to explore the world around him. Organ movement has been shaped by the needs and obstacles which man had to overcome to win the fight for survival. Under the influence of the evolution of man is a being of higher order, his legs have adapted to the functions of motion and upper limbs and prehensile functions adopted manual.", "Upper limb is a precise system of bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons, which is readily injuries. Musculoskeletal damage occurs mainly as a result of mechanical injury, less thermal or chemical. Causes of injury may be very different, they can be traffic accidents, accidents at work, falls, sports activities but also to every action of daily life. Each trauma induces local and systemic changes. And reveal the effects of trauma depends on the strength, type and location of damage. Depending on what type of injury has to do different is the process of healing and rehabilitation process. According to W. Dega, rehabilitative medicine is a vast area of comprehensive actions designed to restore the disturbed organ performance by congenital defect, disease or trauma.[ 1].", "In the case of injuries to the rehabilitation process is to ensure proper muscle strength, normal range of motion in the joints and proper functioning in everyday life. Often, process improvement is a long and complex.", "Upper limb.", "As a result, she found upper limb phylogeny freed from the supporting and locomotor function, but she found adapted for grasping and manipulative actions. The design of the upper limb has become a dynamic nature, there has been increasing the diversity and range of motion in the joints. [2].", "Anatomical parts of the upper limb.", "The skeleton of the upper limb bones fall 37.Can distinguish the rim of the upper limb bone or collarbone and shoulder and upper limb bones free. This group includes: humerus, two forearm bones, eight wrist bones, five metacarpal bones and fourteen bones of the fingers. The individual elements of the upper limb skeleton are connected by links. There are close connections or fixed, for example: syndesmosis, synchondrosis and synostosis, and mobile connections or joints. The design of the upper limb skeleton provides its high mobility. [3]", "Construction of the shoulder", "It is a clinical term denoting a set of three joint functional connections. These ponds are: shoulder joint, shoulder - sternoclavicular articulation. The shoulder joint movements take place as follows: in the sagittal plane: flexion movement forward, extension movement in the frontal plane, movement of abduction, adduction movement, in the transverse plane, movement of external rotation, internal rotation motion. [4]. Standards range of movement in the shoulder joint: movement - normal range in the age group 40-60 years [5]: 170\u00ba Flexion, 40\u00ba Extension, 175\u00ba Abduction, 65\u00b0Adduction, 75\u00b0 Internal Rotation, 85\u00ba External Rotation.", "The above mentioned movements that were not possible were it not exist in the upper limb muscles. The movement, which is made by muscle occurs as a result of its contraction. Each muscle is responsible for a specific movement. [5].", "Injuries to the upper limbs", "Man every day exposed to traumatic. Not only athletes or persons conducting an active lifestyle, in every life situation can be injuries. Injuries may involve many changes in processed whole musculoskeletal system. These changes are dependent on the strength and extent of damage.", "Limb top is an important part of the whole human body. In principle, any work done and the work associated with her. For this reason, even the smallest of the upper limb trauma, to a lesser or greater extent causing difficulty in performing activities of daily living, or vocational training. [10].", "Definition of injuries", "The definition of injury by A. Dziak seq reads: \"activation of an external factor on the organism causing the anatomical and functional changes in local or local and general.\" [11]. Among the factors causing the injury can be divided into mechanical factors, physical and chemical characteristics. [11]. Breakdown of injuries. There are many divisions of injuries, depending on the criterion that will be adopted: Because of the way of injury can be distinguished: acute-trauma caused by violent injury-chronic injuries caused by the presence of micro-injuries. Due to the resulting changes: many-injuries-that is, failure of one of the motor system in several places; trauma multi-organ-damaging musculoskeletal and other organ of the body. Due to the mechanism of creation: direct trauma, indirect trauma. Due to the nature of injury: fractures, dislocations, sprains, bruises. In the following subsections will be discussed in detail rag breakdown by type of damage. [12].", "Contusion", "Contusion (Latin contusio) is the damage caused by direct trauma. The scope and extent of bruising depends on the strength os injury. In the case of a small force only occurs contusion injury of the skin, the more power can lead to deeper tissue contusion (muscles, nerves, vessels and even internal organs). [13]. Bruising under the skin characterized by tissue damage from rupture of small blood vessels and stroke symptoms is broken: swelling, pain and idiopathic compression, subcutaneous hemorrhages blood, skin abrasions, warming in the area of damage. [14].", "Sprains", "Sprains (Latin distorsio) is a slight degree of rupture of the ligaments and joint capsules without interruption of their continuity. The cause is usually sudden twisting motion exceeding the physiological range of motion in the pond. There are four degrees of sprains: stretching the capsule and ligaments, joint capsule rupture, rupture the joint capsule and ligaments, ligament separation from bone fragment. [15]. Symptoms of sprains include: Swelling; Pain worsens during movement and oppression; Intraarticular hematoma; Subcutaneous hemorrhages blood; Lifting motion in the joint or mobility of the pathological; Blurring the outlines of the pond; Impaired blood supply, sensation. [16].", "Dislocations", "Dislocation of hip soundtrack (Latin luxatio) is a total, permanent or momentary loss of contact of joint surfaces under the influence of their movement relative to each other. Changes in the case of traumatic dislocation may affect all anatomical structures of the joint: the synovium, cartilage, ligaments, joint capsule, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and muscles. Symptoms of dislocations can be divided into certain and probable. [17]. The symptoms of some: Deformation of the joint; Immobilization in a pathological setting; Aacetabulum or the head of the pond in an unusual setting. Symptoms likely: swelling; pain; intraarticular hematoma or periarticular; insulation around damaged; impaired blood supply, sensation. [18]. In the case of dislocation diagnostic tests should be performed, among which are: subjective test, physical examination, X-ray examination, in case of doubt, you can perform a CT scan. [19, 20].", "Fractures", "Fracture (Latin fracture) is a break in the bone tissue, as a result of direct or indirect trauma. In case there is usually a direct mechanism for large and serious damage to the bone and soft tissue, while the indirect mechanism of these lesions are usually smaller. [21].", "Symptoms of fractures are divided into certain and probable.", "Some symptoms are: Incorrect positioning; Tactile factions of bone fracture or fissure; The oppression of crepitus factions; Pathological mobility of bone. Symptoms likely to include: Swelling; Soreness; Bloody hemorrhages under the skin; Forced to set the limb; Damage to soft tissue; Red or pale around damaged; Impaired blood supply, sensation and mobility. [22].", "There are many divisions of fractures: Depending on the mechanism of injury: A direct violation; Indirect fracture Depending on the location of the fracture gap: Shaft fractures; Root fracture; Fractures metaphysis; Projections of bone fractures; Fractures of articular surfaces. Depending on the movement of factions; Of displaced fractures (types of movements: to the side, with shortening, with prolongation, rotary, angular, wedged); Fracture without displacement. Depending on the number of resulting fragments; Breaking two factions; Multiple fractures; Fractures of dismemberment. Depending on the direction of the slots fractures: Transverse; Oblique; Spiral. Depending on the type of fractures: Closed fractures; Fractures open (they can be divided into three stages. I factions bone: pierce with a small soft tissue damage them, II visible factions of bone and soft tissue damage significantly, III fracture comminuted with large loss of skin and muscle damage nerves and blood). [14].", "Causes of injuries", "According to the World Health Organization is the cause of injury in 20% of accidents at work, 40% were traffic accidents and the others are accidents in the home and other types of injuries. The number of injuries is increasing as a result of changes in the life model, technical progress, continuous pursuit of work, lack of rest and fatigue by what people are careless and distracted, reckless driving vehicles, and non-safety rules. [23].", "Treatment and first aid in injuries of upper extremities. First aid in case of less serious injuries is based on the principle of RICE method helps to reduce swelling and pain, protects damaged tissue and speeds up the return to health. The name means the first letter of the English words: r-rest prevents further deepening of the injury, i-ice, helps reduce pain and swelling, c-compression-pressure, reduces swelling, thanks to which accelerates regeneration processes, causes of injury by 20%. E-elevation-raising, limits swelling by reducing blood flow. The above-mentioned principle shall apply in lighter injuries, while in the case of heavy injuries, or when symptoms persist, seek medical attention. Depending on the type of injury with which we have taken are different therapeutic actions. [24] In the case of breakage of the upper limb extremities should be grounded until pain subsides, treatment should be used antioedematous (temporary cooling, elevation of extremities), analgesia (general or localized), against tetanus prevention and early rehabilitation. For treatment of sprains can be divided into conservative and operative. To conservative treatment include: punctures in the case of intraarticular hematoma, stiffness by elastic bandage, plaster or full rails gypsum, and analgesic treatment antioedematous. While for surgery include: arthroscopy diagnostic or corrective treatments or reproducing the continuity of damaged structures. Treatment for sprains include possibly as soon as possible repositioning and immobilization of the joint extremities, as in previous cases, and analgesic treatment antiedematous. After each reduction and immobilization is important to investigate the circulation, sensation and motion of the distal parts of limbs. Treatment of fractures can be divided into operational and non-operative treatment. Among the non-operative treatment can be distinguished: repositioning, lifts, locks blocking puncture and dressings. [25] In the case of fractures can be distinguished outright indication for surgery. To these indications belong - open fractures impossible to set conservative or maintain stability after setting - fractures with arterial injury, nerves and internal organs. There are also an indication of the relative which include: breaking throughintracular, displaced fragments of the articular surfaces and distorted, giving himself to set the fracture risk of secondary displacement, many-fractures, fracture involvement. [26].", "Among the surgical treatment can be distinguished: Bone-seam is every anastomosis (wire, screw, intramedullary nail), which requires postoperative immobilization; Fixation is stable, that bond, which requires no additional immobilization; External stabilizers-are a design allows to determine the fractions of fractures without placement in the immediate vicinity of the metal. [25].", "Surgical treatment is performed on all components of the musculoskeletal system. May involve tendons, muscles, joints, bones and nerves. [19].", "The element on which the surgery is performed first type tendon surgery second tendon shortening of tendons third Achilles lengthening fourth suture tendons fifth 6th release of tendons nerve first plastic tendons neurolisis second nerve twigs intersection first pond opening of the second pond notch synovial joint replacement fourth 5th arthrodesis. Locking joint sixth enucleation of the first bone in the joint bones of the second intersection third bone fusion bone grafting bone lengthening", "Rehabilitation of upper limb injuries.", "In the event of any injury to the upper limb, very important is the process of rehabilitation. This process should be undertaken as early as possible. Often it is a long process and requires commitment both therapist and patient. The aim of rehabilitation is to improve the extremities and restore all functions. [27].", "Physiotherapy", "Physiotherapy is a healthcare department, which uses natural physical factors and physical factors produced by the device. The first group of factors include: water, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, electricity, and solar radiation, while the second: Thermal power generating device, small or large currents, frequency, radiation, light, ultraviolet, infrared, or ultrasound. [28].", "Laser therapy.", "This is one of the new, rapidly developing physical therapy divisions. This department deals with the use of laser radiation for medical purposes. Laser he found application in many areas of medicine, also in the musculoskeletal system injuries. [29].", "Basic physical and biological operation.", "Physical basis of operation is the phenomenon of laser absorption and emission of radiation by atoms in systems of quantum. Atom, which is located in the energy, higher than normal is called the excited atom energy. If the atom is a transition from a higher to a lower energy level, then the energy is reflected on the outside, this phenomenon is called the emission of radiation. Natomiast reverse phenomenon, namely those in which there is a transition of an atom from a lower to a higher level of absorption is called, this phenomenon is possible after delivery of energy. [30].", "Laser radiation exhibits characteristic features, which them stand out from ordinary radiation. For these features include August: 1. Consistency: the same phase of the waves, both spatial and Time 2. Monochrome: one color radiation. Laser radiation is almost the same wave length. 3. Parallelism: means a small angular divergence beam of light. 4. Intensity: an inch radiated power is contained in a narrow bundle of rays. [31].", "Approximately 40-50% of laser radiation is reflected away from the surface of the skin. The rest penetrates into the tissue and is dispersed, the absorption and further penetration. Scientifically it is proven to increase the laser interaction collagen synthesis, protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Changes also occur in the cell membrane potential and the secretion of neurotransmitters. Also been found beneficial effects on tissue oxygen supply, in case of damage and inflammation of soft tissue and also in healing wounds and ulcers and to treat bone fractures, an increase in vascularization and rapid growth of callus. [32].", "Indications and contraindications. Laser therapy has been used in various clinical disciplines and in different diseases. The most important indications belong - hard to heal wounds and ulcers - chronic inflammatory conditions - difficult adhesion marrow - osteoarthritis - inflammation of the periarticular - bands overload muscles and soft tissue - inflammation of the tendons, fascia, tendon sheath - injuries: contusions, sprains, dislocations . Belong to contraindications - pregnancy - menstruation - pacemaker - generalized bacterial disease - fever - epilepsy, cancer. [33].", "Methods of treatment. Currently, various kinds are produced lasers. Differing technical parameters. In the case of trauma is the most effective operation of local, uses laser power in 1500-2500 Hz, time of about 6-8 minutes. Please remember to observe the safety regulations, on the premises and goggles. [34].", "Magnetotherapy.", "In recent years greatly increased interest in the therapeutic action of the magnetic field. Began to apply an alternating magnetic field of 0-50 Hz frequency and magnetic induction higher than the earth's field induction. This is what is known magneto therapy. 35%", "Basic physical and biological operation.", "The magnetic field is generated by electric charges that move in an orderly manner, and by moving-charged body. Among the actions that causes the magnetic field on the body can be distinguished: - analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti - stimulating tissue respiration, - mobilization of microcirculation, - stimulation of peripheral circulatory, - accelerates the regeneration of damaged soft tissue, accelerates bone adhesion. [32, 36].", "Methods of treatment.", "Magnetotherapy treatment applies to all injuries. Before surgery, instruct the patient that should not have with him, watch, mobile phone or credit card. In the case of injuries rectangular pulses are recommended. [28, 37] However, the frequency and induction field depends on the state of trauma.", "Kinesitherapy", "Kinesitherapy of the Greek language kinesis means movement, so a kinetic therapy is the treatment movement. Kinesitherapy can be divided into: Local kinesitherapy: activities relate directly to the affected organ, can identify the following types of exercises: Passive exercises - exercises-passive steps - selfhelp exercises - exercises for relieving - active exercises - exercises with resistance - exercises conducted \u2013 lifts; synergistic exercises - breathing exercises - relaxation exercises - orthostatic and learning to walk. Kinesitherapy General: can distinguish the following exercises: Exercises general conditioning; Morning gymnastic exercises; Exercises in the water.", "Methods kinezitherapy: specialized methods, based on knowledge of anatomy, physiology and biomechanics. [38]. Exercises should be chosen individually to the patient, taking into account his state of health, opportunities, pain, psychological factors. Among the exercises, which are indicated after injuries of the upper limb exercises can be distinguished steps, passive and active exercises free. [39]. Steps-passive exercises are designed to improve muscle strength, the formation and movement patterns play. The exercises of the movement are carried out passively (by therapist) and the task is active practicing relaxing muscles, in this part of the locomotor system, which is practiced against. The movement leads are part of, the determinant are pain, slow the pace and exact exercises. Number of repetitions in a series starting at 10 and gradually increasing to 15, the number of series increases from 3 to 5 The second group of active exercises are free, their aim is to increase muscle strength and endurance, maintain or increase range of motion in joints, improve coordination of movement. These are exercises performed by the patient under constant control of the therapist. The movement should be smooth and rhythmic, the time depends on the endurance exercises the patient, the number of repetitions and the series is gradually increased. [40] Among the contraindications to exercises both steps-passive and active free exercises can be distinguished: - fevers of unexplained etiology - acute inflammation - inflammatory diseases of cardiovascular disorders of blood coagulation. [38].", "Purpose of research", "Aim of this study is to demonstrate what types of injuries in the upper limbs are women aged 40-60 years and what impact has the rehabilitation proceedings for the return of the damaged upper limb function.", "Material - the subject of research", "The study was conducted in 30 women who underwent Ore kt upper extremity injuries. Among these injuries distinguished fractures, dislocations, sprains and contusions. The women were between the ages of 40 to 60 years. The study includes the following joints: shoulder, elbow and wrist. Women who worked for the study: a) physically cleaner, cashier, working on the assembly line; b) mentally: accountant, secretary, teacher, civil servant.", "Research problems:", "What kind of upper limb injuries are most often women aged 40-60 years?", "What are the joints in the upper limb injuries are most common in women aged 40-60 years?", "What are the effects of physiotherapy used bring in forfeiture of the upper limb injuries in women aged 40-60 years?", "Research hypotheses:", "Physiotherapy treatments are conducted in women with a history of upper extremity trauma have positive effects. Led rehabilitation contributes to the improvement of muscle strength and improve range of motion.", "Research Methods", "The study included 30 female patients were non-public Health Care \"REFIMED\" in W\u0105growiec that have upper extremity injuries.", "Each of the women was examined before and after rehabilitation undertaken. All data and results were recorded in the patient.", "The studies in women:", "The test circuit length and upper limbs", "The study of muscle strength", "Examination range of motion", "Examination of the (execution of functional tests)", "Function tests presented below, which were made in women.", "Function tests.", "1. Test 9 holes.", "The test involves placing 9 wooden pegs in 9 holes and their removal from them.", "Evaluated is the time in which the job is done.", "2. Test blocks.", "Pads are located on one side of a poodle, the test is designed in 1 minute blocks translate to the opposite chamber poodle. Estimated number of superiors blocks.", "3. Test with the measure.", "On the wall is glued inch measure; the test goes as high as possible. Writing is the height to which the test reached.", "4. The test reveals decreased mobility in the shoulder joint (test wall Dega). The patient's sit down with the legs hanging freely along the trunk. The back is leaning against the wall. Performs raising the arms by bending forward. When part of the limb movement is not touching the dorsal surface of the wall. Writing what is missing is the distance to the wall.", "Analysis of the results", "Study, 30 women were subjected in the age group 40-60 years who had upper extremity trauma. In the study group 47% of the women has any injury radial-carpal joint, shoulder joint 43% and 10% of the elbow. Of all injuries 50% given a break, it zlatania 47% and 3% dislocation.", "The types of trauma that people have traveled investigated. The types of injuries so far have been different joints are shown in Table 1.", "Table 1. Types of injuries in individual joints.", "Joint\tContusion\tFractures\tDislocation", "n\t%\tn\t%\tn\t%", "Shoulder joint\t9\t69\t4\t31\t0\t0", "Elbow joint\t3\t100\t0\t0\t0\t0", "Carpus joint\t3\t21,5\t10\t71,5\t1\t7,1", "Among the 73% of the women there was a change of polling limbs after injury relative to a healthy, 27%, these changes did not occur. In the case of injury of the elbow occurred in all test circuits to increase the upper limb.", "The injuries of the wrist joint enlarged circuits throughout the limb occurred in 14% of respondents, with 22% of the circuits have not changed in 57% change occurred in the periphery of the forearm and wrist joint, 7% change occurred only in the circuit wrist joint.", "The injuries of the shoulder joint to enlarge circuits entire limb occurred in 8% of respondents, with 38% of the circuits have not changed, 31% change in arm circumference was only, in 23% increased arm circumference, and forearm.", "In all patients with trauma of the elbow was reduced mobility in the elbow, and bend, and visiting the shoulder joint. In 33% of the respondents in addition to the above restrictions was also to limit the extension, adduction, and internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint. 67% also had limited mobility in the joint during wrist flexion and extension movement. After surgery all patients physiotherapy mobility in the wrist and shoulder joint returned to normal standards. While increasing mobility in the elbow flexion is shown in the graph.", "Figure 1. Flexion range of motion in the elbow after elbow trauma.", "Data on the wrist joint range of motion.In the case of an injury in the wrist joint in 93% of mobility limitations occurred only in the movements in the wrist joint, while in 7% reduction also occurred in the elbow and shoulder. Changes have occurred in the wrist joint mobility after physiotherapy treatments are shown in the following charts.", "Figure 2. Range of motion wrist flexion after injury to the joint.", "In all patients with trauma in the joint motion of wrist joint flexion in the post-operative physiotherapy has increased. These changes were as follows: - 36% range increased by 10 degrees - even in 36% range increased by 30 degrees - 21% range increased by 20 degrees - 7% range have increased by 5 degrees.", "Figure 3. Extension range of motion in the joint after injury of the wrist joint.", "Extension motion in the wrist joint was improved in all subjects, 21% of those obtained by increasing the mobility of 15 degrees, 14% by 5 degrees, 14% of respondents motion improved by 20 and 30 degrees in 7% of patients improved by 40 degrees. Motion range wrist flexion after injury to the joint 11% by 13 degrees in front of my physiotherapy treatments after surgery physiotherapy.", "Figure 4. Abduction range of motion in the joint after injury of the wrist joint.", "Examination range of motion in the joint wrist abduction presented as follows: - in 43% of range of motion did not change after surgery physiotherapy - also in 43% motility increased by 10 degrees in 14% increased by 15 degrees.", "Figure 5. Adduction range of motion in the joint after injury of the wrist joint.", "After physiotherapy treatments carried out in the joint motion of wrist adduction in 79% of the subjects increased by 10 degrees, 7% increased by 20 degrees, 7% increased by 30 degrees and also at 7% remained unchanged. Abduction range of motion in the joint of the wrist joint after injury.", "In the case of injury of the shoulder 85% of the women had only decreased mobility in the shoulder joint movements, and 15% had also restricted the movements of the elbow. In all patients an improvement in mobility as shown in the following charts.", "Figure 6. Range of motion flexion of the shoulder after trauma.", "Motion of shoulder flexion after surgery physiotherapy all patients increased:", "In 38% to 20 degrees; In 23% of 30 degrees; In 15% of 40 degrees; In 8% of 15, 10 and 50 degrees.", "Figure 7. Extension range of motion in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "Extension motion in the shoulder joint after surgery physiotherapy carried out in 8% of patients remained unchanged, while 56% increased by 10 degrees, 30% increased by 20 degrees au 8% increased by 5 and 35 degrees.", "Figure 8. Abduction range of motion in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "Abduction motion in the shoulder joint after surgery physiotherapy in 31% increased by 10 degrees, with 23% increased by 30 and 20 degrees, 15% increased by 40 degrees, and in 8% increased by 50 degrees.", "Figure 9. Scope motion adduction in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "Adduction motion in the shoulder joint after surgery physiotherapy in 8% remained unchanged while in the remaining part was increased by 10 and 20 degrees. Adduction range of motion in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "Figure 10. Internal rotation range of motion in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "Internal rotation of the shoulder joint after surgery physiotherapy in 77% of respondents grown by 10 degrees, 15% by 15 degrees, 8% by 20 degrees.", "Figure 11. External rotation range of motion in the shoulder joint shoulder joint after injury.", "External rotation of the shoulder joint in post-operative physiotherapy in 8% of respondents remained unchanged au remaining part of the movement has increased - from 38% to 10 degrees - from 31% to 15 degrees - 15% by 5 degrees - from 8% to 20 degrees. Internal rotation range of motion in the shoulder joint after injury of the shoulder 0.", "Running on muscle strength of upper limb joints.", "The data on muscle strength muscles acting on the elbow (by Lovett).", "Figure 12. Muscle strength acting on the elbow joint.", "67% of the damage in the elbow muscle strength weakened meant to bending and straightening the elbow, these muscles were evaluated at 4 according to Lovett, while 33% had normal muscle strength. After a series of physical therapy strength of weakened muscles came back to normal.", "Figure 13. Running on muscle strength carpal joint.", "86% of people with damage to the wrist joint meant to weakened muscle strength, the remaining 14% of people had no changes in muscle strength. Among those who had weakened muscle strength 67% had weakened muscles acting on the carpal joint to 3 according to Lovett, and 33% at 4 according to Lovett. After physiotherapy treatments in people with muscle strength according to Lovett 3 obtained 75% improvement in muscle strength, whereas in 25% strength remained unchanged. People with muscle strength 4 according to Lovett on 100% recovered normal muscle strength.", "Figure 14. Muscle strength running on the shoulder joints.", "Among people who had damaged the shoulder joints 77% of subjects had weakened the strength of muscles running on the shoulder joints, of which 40% of this strength was 3 according to Lovett, 60% 4 au according to Lovett. In 23% of respondents experienced no muscular weakness. After physiotherapy treatments in people with muscle strength 3 Lovett 75% according to the improved strength, while 25% remained unchanged. In subjects with strength 4 according to Lovett 83% returned to normal muscle strength au 17% no changes.", "Functional Tests", "Among the women performed four functional tests: test 9 holes, translating test pads, the test with the help of measurement, and test Dega wall-mount bracket. After surgery all patients physiotherapy has improved the results of these test page.", "Figure 15. Test 9 holes.", "The results of the nine test holes were as follows: - in subjects with elbow injury test result improves an average of 4 seconds - in subjects with traumatic wrist joint test result improves an average of 10 seconds - in subjects with traumatic shoulder joint test improves an average of 3 seconds.", "Figure 16. Translating test pads.", "In people with traumatic elbow pads translating test increased on average by 4 blocks in people with carpal trauma average of about 4 blocks from the senior injury shoulder joint an average of 5 pads.", "Figure 17. Test with the measure.", "In people with elbow injury test with measurement improves an average of 6 centimeters, in people with traumatic shoulder joint outcome has improved an average of about 6 centimeters. For people with carpal trauma in this test, there was no difference compared to healthy limbs.", "Figure 18. Dega Test wall-mount bracket.", "The test results of wall Dega, otherwise movable test reveals limitations in the shoulder joint were as follows: - in people with traumatic wrist joint limitations was not movable at the shoulder joint - in people with traumatic elbow scores improved an average of about 2 centimeters - in people with traumatic the shoulder joint scores improved an average of 3.5 centimeters.", "Results and analysis", "Study, 30 women were subjected in the age group 40-60 years who had upper extremity trauma. In the study group 47% of the women has any injury radial-carpal joint, shoulder joint 43% and 10% of the elbow. The site of injury to the person examined have traveled. Of all injuries 50% indicated a contusion, a fracture 47% and 3% dislocation.", "Discussion", "The problem of trauma that occurred in people's lives forever. Many authors undertook their work in this problem. J. Babecki and A. Dziak in 1973 published a book \"Fractures and dislocations of joints - Advice for the convalescent.\" Although the work has more than 30 years the information contained herein are reliable today. The message of the book says that the overall return to health and work can only be achieved by our own efforts and diligence. In the process of rehabilitation carried out these features are also the success and recovery.", "In this paper, was presented the most common causes of injuries briefings upper limb according to the World Health Organization. According to the organization's most injuries occur in traffic accidents, accidents at home and are less accidents. M. Matyja, A. Eggs and S. Dragan performed a study evaluating the causes of injury in patients Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Locomotor Movement in Wroclaw. From their analysis of the injuries were the most common cause of accidents in the home, in second place were traffic accidents [41].", "Group E of this research work are women who have undergone upper limb trauma. Have undergone physiotherapy treatment. The main objectives were to improve the rehabilitation process, range of motion, reduce swelling and restore muscle strength. Similar rehabilitation goals put authors of the article \"Rehabilitation of patients after fractures of the upper limb\" and W. P. Lisinski Stry\u0142a of the Medical Academy in Pozna\u0144. According to their goal of rehabilitation is taken to maintain good muscle strength, improve range of motion in the joints and acceleration of bone union. Proposals have been submitted by the authors say that the process of improving its limbs after injury is a permanent and necessary part of therapy, which leads to an improvement in its function [27]. This study also confirms this conclusion, since physiotherapy helped to increase mobility in the joints, reduce swelling and increase muscle strength. K. Marciniak in his article \"Rehabilitation after injuries limbs\" also puts the same objectives as a priority in the rehabilitation process. The same author as a supportive treatment of upper limb function return to normal in the field of physical therapy is now: magnetotherapy, sollux, whirl massage, and laser [39].In this paper, the research group was treated to: laser therapy and magnetotherapy.", "Effect magnetic field on the human body has been studied repeatedly. Among other things, attempt to assess the effectiveness of magnetic field therapy took M. Lisiecka-Bie\u0142anowicz , A. Krawczyk and A. Lusawa. The authors put forward proposals that magnet therapy is an effective therapeutic method [42]. More detailed studies undertaken Wolda\u0144ska-Okonska M. and J. Czernicki, who assessed the effectiveness of magnetic fields in physiotherapy. The conclusions presented have confirmed the beneficial effect of magnetic field in the case of post-traumatic states [43].", "B. Kurkus and W. Kulinski conducted research on laser therapy, according to the achieved results it is advisable to use laser radiation in the case of upper limb injuries [44].", "M. Rosi\u0144ski conducted research on the elbow injury. The patient has been done to improve range of motion exercises and treatments magnetotherapy. After a 2-week rehabilitation process have had a reduction in limb circumference, increased mobility in the elbow [21]. In the present study also shows that post-operative physiotherapy to reduce the circuit reaches the limb and improve mobility.", "K. Kiwerska-Yagoda\u0144ska proceedings conducted research on medical and streamlining the dislocation of the elbow. In the study group were: measurement of motion in the elbow, measure the mobility of the shoulder joint and wrist, and measurement of muscle strength. After 2 weeks of a rehabilitation in 64.4% of respondents improved limb function: return full range of motion or loss of up to 20 degrees, came back normal muscle strength or weakness does not exceed 10% [45]. The author of the study confirmed that physiotherapy contributes positively to the return of elbow function after injury. Referrers sleep affect physical therapy for injuries of the shoulder and wrist are not yet carried out detailed research. The author of the work comes to the conclusion that these joint physiotherapy treatments also have a beneficial effect.", "Conclusions", "1. In the group of women between the ages of 40-60 years ESCI The most common injury was a contusion.", "2. In the group of women in the age range 40-60 years usually underwent carpal joint injury.", "3. Physiotherapy treatments are performed in women with a history of upper extremity trauma contribute to improving the function of the limb.", "4. Proceedings physiotherapy carried out in women with a history of upper extremity trauma helps to reduce swelling, increase muscle strength and improve range of motion in the joints.", "Open Access", "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License Permits Which Non Commercial any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited.", "References", "1.\tDega W., Rehabilitacja medyczne, PZWL, Warszawa 2001.", "2.\tMarecki B., Anatomia funkcjonalna w zakresie studi\u00f3w wychowania fizycznego i fizjoterapii, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. 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Radomska Szkoła Wyższa w Radomiu Radom University in Radom Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 Edited by Iwona Czerwińska Pawluk Radosław Muszkieta Marek Napierała Walery Zukow http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index www.journal.rsw.edu.pl https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616 http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Open Access Radom 2013 Radomska Szkoła Wyższa w Radomiu Radom University in Radom Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 Edited by Iwona Czerwińska Pawluk Radosław Muszkieta Marek Napierała Walery Zukow http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index www.journal.rsw.edu.pl https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616 http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Open Access Radom 2013 Scientific Council prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babiński (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab med. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Samosiuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med.A. Svirskiy (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. dr hab. K. Buśko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Myśliński (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napierała (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland), dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr M. Cieślicka (Poland), dr med. M. Charzynska-Gula (Poland), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr med. K. Cywinski (Poland), dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine), dr med. M. Dzierzanowski (Poland), dr med. M. Hagner-Derengowska (Poland), dr med. B. Jędrzejewska (Poland), dr med. U. Kazmierczak (Poland), dr med. K. Kiczuk (Poland), dr Z. Kwaśnik (Poland), dr med. T. Madej (Poland), dr med. E. Mikolajewska (Poland), dr D. Mikolajewski (Poland), dr med. B. Muszynska (Poland), dr med. A. Nalazek (Poland), dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), dr med. K. Nowacka (Poland), dr med. G. Polak (Poland), dr med. P. Prokopczyk (Poland), dr med. A. Radziminska (Poland), dr med. L. Sierpinska (Poland), dr Daves Sinch (Republic of India), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland) Editorial Board Stefan Adamcak (Slovakia), Pavol Bartik (Slovakia), Elena Bend^kova (Czech Republic), Janusz Bielski (Poland), Krzysztof Buśko (Poland), Mirosława Cieślicka (Poland), Jerzy Eksterowicz (Poland), Włodzimierz Erdmann (Poland), Tomasz Frołowicz (Poland), Attila Gilanyi (Hungary), Igor Grygus (Ukraine), Halina Guła-Kubiszewska (Poland), Paweł Izdebski (Poland), Sergii Iermakov (Ukraine), Tetyana Iermakova (Ukraine), Jana Jurikova (Czech Republic), Vlastimila Karaskova (Czech Republic), Jacek Klawe (Poland), Mariusz Klimczyk (Poland), Alicja Kostencka (Poland), Frantisek Langer (Czech Republic), Eligiusz Madejski (Poland), Jiri Michal (Slovakia), Ludmila Miklankova (Czech Republic), Emila Mikołajewska (Poland), Viktor Mishchenko (Ukraine), Stanisław Mocek (Poland), Mirosław Mrozkowiak (Poland), Radosław Muszkieta (Poland), Anna Nalazek (Poland), Marek Napierała (Poland), Jerzy Nowocień (Poland), Piotr Oleśniewicz (Poland), Władysław Pańczyk (Poland), Wiesława Pilewska (Poland), Miroslava Pridalova (Czech Republic), Krzysztof Prusik (Poland), Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski (Poland), Aleksandr Skaliy (Ukraine), Tetyana Skaliy (Ukraine), Ewa Sokołowska (Poland), Błażej Stankiewicz (Poland), Robert Stępniak (Poland), Aleksander Stuła (Poland), Naoki Suzuki (Japan), Mirosława Szark-Eckardt (Poland), Maciej Świątkowski (Poland), Hrychoriy Tereschuk (Ukraine), Hryhoriy Vasjanovicz (Ukraine), Mariusz Zasada (Poland), Tetyana Zavhorodnya (Ukraine), Walery Żukow (Poland), Hanna Żukowska (Poland) Advisory Board Zygmunt Babiński (Poland), Yuriy Briskin (Ukraine), Laszló Csernoch (Hungary), Kazimierz Denek (Poland), Miroslav Dutchak (Ukraine), Karol Gorner (Slovakia), Kazimierz Kochanowicz (Poland), Jerzy Kosiewicz (Poland), Stanisław Kowalik (Poland), Tadeusz Maszczak (Poland), Mikolaj Nosko (Ukraine), Jerzy Pośpiech (Poland), Eugeniusz Prystupa (Ukraine), Robert Szeklicki (Poland), Jitka Ulrichova (Czech Republic). Reviewers: prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babiński (Poland), doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Samosiuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, prof. dr hab. K. Buśko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Myśliński (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napierała (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Zukow (Poland), dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr M. Cieślicka (Poland), dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine), dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland) E d i t o r s - i n - C h i e f Anatoliy Gozhenko Walery Zukow C o - e d i t o r s Radosław Muszkieta Marek Napierała A s s o c i a t e E d i t o r s Iwona Czerwinska Pawluk Mariusz Klimczyk Mirosława Cieślicka Adam Szulc S e c r e t a r y Bartłomiej Niespodziński © The Author(s) 2012-2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 of Radomska Szkoła Wyższa w Radomiu, Poska, Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. Declaration on the original version. Because of the parallel version of the magazine publishing traditional (paper) and of electronic (online), Editors indicates that the main version of the magazine is to issue a "paper" Zawartość tegoż czasopisma jest objęta licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Na tych samych warunkach 3.0 Publishing House: Radomska Szkoła Wyższa w Radomiu, Radom University in Radom Str. Zubrzyckiego 2 26-600 Radom Tel.: +48 48 383 66 05 med.@rsw.edu.pl Printing House: Radomska Szkoła Wyższa w Radomiu, Radom University in Radom Str. Zubrzyckiego 2 26-600 Radom Tel.: +48 48 383 66 05 med.@rsw.edu.pl ISBN 9781329876002 Liczba znaków: 520 000 (ze streszczeniami i okładką). Liczba grafik: 70 x 1 000 znaków (ryczałt) = 70 000 znaków. Razem: Liczba znaków: 590 000 (ze streszczeniami, okładką i grafikami) = 14,75 arkuszy wydawniczych. Number of characters: 520 000 (with abstracts). Number of images: 90 x 1000 characters (lump sum) = 90 000 characters. Total: Number of characters: 590 000 (with abstracts, summaries and graphics) = 14,75 sheet publications. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45472 Content: Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Radziminska Agnieszka, Srokowski Grzegorz, Bulatowicz Irena, Kazmierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Baumgart Mariusz, Strzalkowski Daniel, Zukow Walery. Assessment of the pnf method influence on gait parameters improvement in persons with cerebral palsy = Ocena wpływu metody PNF na poprawę wybranych parametrów chodu u osób z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 7-24. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Radzimińska Agnieszka, Szyper Sebastian, Bułatowicz Irena, Srokowski Grzegorz, Kaźmierczak Urszula, Strojek Katarzyna, Kaliszewska Magdalena, Dzierżanowski Maciej, Zukow Walery. Prevention of flat feet in preschool children = Prewencja płaskostopia u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 25-40. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002 of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Brychczynska Maria, Trela Ewa, Nalazek Anna, Zukow Walery. Effect of physical therapy for the return function of upper limbs after severe injuries in women aged 40-60 years = Wpływ zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych na powrót funkcji kończyn górnych po przebytych urazach u kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 40-60 lat. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 41-56. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Bugaj Anna, Trela Ewa, Nalazek Anna, Zukow Walery. Evaluation to improve the physiotherapy treatment efficiency of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joints = Próba oceny poprawy sprawności chorych ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi stawów biodrowych po zastosowaniu zabiegów fizykoterapeutycznych. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 57-82. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia. The most common problems in activities of daily living in post-stroke patients = Najczęściej spotykane ograniczenia w wykonywaniu czynności codziennego życia po udarze. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 83-87. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia. The most common problems in wheelchair selection – own observations = Najczęściej spotykane błędy w doborze wózka dla niepełnosprawnych w świetle badań własnych. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 88-93. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia, Mikolajewski Dariusz. Role of brainstem within human body systems – computational approach = Rola pnia mózgu w ramach systemów ciała człowieka – podejście obliczeniowe. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 94-106. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Zagoroulko Alexandr, Novikov Nikolay, Usenko LV, Petrashenoc EV, Krishtaphor AA, Tsarev AV, Nenadyschuk VА, Mishonova LI. Resuits of imited clinical trials of ukrainian surfactant suzacrin in patients with acute lung injury syndrome. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 107-122. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia. Eclectic vs. Specific approach within contemporary neurological physiotherapy = Podejście eklektyczne a ścisłe we współczesnej fizjoterapii neurologicznej. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 123-132. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia. Biofeedback as the element of the neurorehabilitation = Biofeedback jako element rehabilitacji neurologicznej. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 133-144. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Novikov NYu, Glotov MA, Dzhansyz KN, Dontsova OV. The evaluation of clinical laboratory potential in diagnostics of lung surfactant deficiency. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 145-150. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Nowacki Maciej, Jundziłł Arkadiusz, Bieniek Miłosz, Jundziłł-Bieniek Ewa, Kloskowski Tomasz, Drewa Tomasz. The procedure of a patent application submitting, in the field of medical sciences and biotechnology – on an example, of a preliminary effects and hypothesis, of the hemostatic dressings with oncostatic action = Procedura składania wniosku patentowego w dziedzinie nauk medycznych i biotechnologicznych na podstawie uzyskanych dotychczas wyników i opracowanych hipotez, dotyczących opatrunków hemostatycznych o działaniu onkostatycznym. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 151-162. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikolajewska Emilia, Mikolajewski Dariusz. Consciousness disorders as the possible effect of brainstem activity failure - computational approach = Zaburzenia przytomności jako możliwy wynik upośledzonej aktywności pnia mózgu - podejście obliczeniowe. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 163-174. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Baqutayan Shadiya Mohamed, Gogilawani Wani, Mahdzir Akbariah Mohd, Sariyah Saidatul. Causes of breast cancer: comparison between the three races in Malaysia. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 175-185. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Butska Lidiia, Samosiuk Ivan. Puncture physiotherapy using biofeedback to express the relationship of monitoring and correction of disorders in persons working under conditions of high mental and physical stress. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 186-194. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikołajewska Emilia. Use of wheelchairs among patients after ischemic stroke = Wykorzystanie wózków dla niepełnosprawnych wśród pacjentów po udarze niedokrwiennym. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 195-203. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Mikołajewska Emilia. Incidence of bedsores in adult patients with neurological disorders = Występowanie odleżyn u dorosłych pacjentów neurologicznych. [in] Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. 204-212. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland. Introduction We hope that a varied program of the Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport will answer your expectations. We believe that the Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport will contribute to raising the knowledge, skills and abilities of doctors, therapists, physiotherapists, nurses, psychologists, biologists, researchers, practitioners and health workers interested in rehabilitation, physiotherapy, tourism and recreation. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport, corresponding to the modern challenges of global health specialists collect articles from those areas of the leading centers of renowned foreign and domestic. Many of them present state of art in their field. This will be particularly valuable for young doctors in the specialization, and students. Welcome to familiarize yourself with this issue all relevant hazards and health, life and safety at work in tourism, recreation, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, nursing organization to work safely and missions in these conditions, the influence of environmental conditions on public health. Authors from abroad and the country will present an overview of contemporary challenges and solutions in these areas. The issue concerns the text of the wider work for human health, tourism, recreation, physiotherapy, nursing, wellness and rehabilitation, including the economics of health care. © The Author(s) 2013. This articles is published with Open Access at Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport. RSW. Radom. Poland Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. 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Czerwińska Pawluk Iwona Ed., Muszkieta Radosław Ed., Napierała Marek Ed., Zukow Walery Ed. Annual Reports of Education, Health and Sport 9781329876002. RSW. Radom. 2013. ISBN 9781329876002. 220 p.
Health, Annual Reports, 9781329876002, Education, Sport
Health, Annual Reports, 9781329876002, Education, Sport
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average views 50 downloads 19 - 50views19downloads
selected citations
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These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
Citations provided by BIP!popularityPopularity provided by BIP!
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
Popularity provided by BIP!influenceInfluence provided by BIP!
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
Influence provided by BIP!impulseImpulse provided by BIP!
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
Impulse provided by BIP!viewsViews provided by UsageCounts
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50
19
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