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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Hybrid Feature Extraction for Multi-Label Emotion Classification in English Text Messages

Authors: Zahra Ahanin; Maizatul Akmar Ismail; Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh; Ammar AL-Ashmori;

Hybrid Feature Extraction for Multi-Label Emotion Classification in English Text Messages

Abstract

Emotions are vital for identifying an individual’s attitude and mental condition. Detecting and classifying emotions in Natural Language Processing applications can improve Human–Computer Interaction systems, leading to effective decision making in organizations. Several studies on emotion classification have employed word embedding as a feature extraction method, but they do not consider the sentiment polarity of words. Moreover, relying exclusively on deep learning models to extract linguistic features may result in misclassifications due to the small training dataset. In this paper, we present a hybrid feature extraction model using human-engineered features combined with deep learning based features for emotion classification in English text. The proposed model uses data augmentation, captures contextual information, integrates knowledge from lexical resources, and employs deep learning models, including Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Bidirectional Encoder Representation and Transformer (BERT), to address the issues mentioned above. The proposed model with hybrid features attained the highest Jaccard accuracy on two of the benchmark datasets, with 68.40% on SemEval-2018 and 53.45% on the GoEmotions dataset. The results show the significance of the proposed technique, and we can conclude that the incorporation of the hybrid features improves the performance of the baseline models.

Keywords

emotion classification; feature extraction; natural language processing; neural networks; word embeddings; social media

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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
18
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
gold