Microelementosis is the commonest human pathology. Elimination of negative consequences of its development is highly relevant for public health services in the south-east of Belarusian Polesie. In order to determine the character and causes of iodine microelementosis development in the region retrospective data research of ioduria median indices (cerium-arsenide method), iodine content indices in average daily diet (calculation method), indices of thyroid gland pathology diagnosed among population in Gomel region (official statistics of the ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus, 1996—2019) was carried out. Processing of the data obtained was made with the help of generally accepted methods of statistical treatment and analysis of the data obtained based on personal computer IBCM using software package Mathcad 2001 Professional, «Statistica». As a result, population prevalence of surplus iodine microelementosis in the south-east region of Belarusian Polesie was determined. The main causes of it are high iodine load, decline in the quality of hygienic monitoring because of the lack of information about iodine content in food and lack of control of ioduria indices among people being tested. Conclusion: Human's interference into a natural iodine cycle is capable of not only eliminating its deficiency but also causing population surplus microelementosis. Elimination of detected pathology requires reduction of iodine load on population, improving the quality of hygienic monitoring and extensive control of individual ioduria indices.