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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton during Apoptosis: The Two Coffins Hypothesis

Authors: Suleva Povea-Cabello; Manuel Oropesa-Ávila; Patricia De la Cruz-Ojeda; Marina Villanueva-Paz; Mario De la Mata; Juan Suárez-Rivero; Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba; +4 Authors

Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton during Apoptosis: The Two Coffins Hypothesis

Abstract

During apoptosis, cells undergo characteristic morphological changes in which the cytoskeleton plays an active role. The cytoskeleton rearrangements have been mainly attributed to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent results have shown that microtubules are reorganized during the execution phase of apoptosis forming an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). Evidence suggests that AMN is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. The new “two coffins” hypothesis proposes that both AMN and apoptotic cells can adopt two morphological patterns, round or irregular, which result from different cytoskeleton kinetic reorganization during the execution phase of apoptosis induced by genotoxic agents. In addition, round and irregular-shaped apoptosis showed different biological properties with respect to AMN maintenance, plasma membrane integrity and phagocyte responses. These findings suggest that knowing the type of apoptosis may be important to predict how fast apoptotic cells undergo secondary necrosis and the subsequent immune response. From a pathological point of view, round-shaped apoptosis can be seen as a physiological and controlled type of apoptosis, while irregular-shaped apoptosis can be considered as a pathological type of cell death closer to necrosis.

Keywords

Genotoxic drugs, Muerte Celular, Intermediate Filaments, apoptotic microtubule network, Activation, Apoptosis, Microtubule dynamics, Review, genotoxic drugs, Membrana Celular, Microtubules, Models, Biological, microtubules, Programmed cell-death, Genetic-control, Necrosis, Filamentos Intermedios, Células, Humans, Pathways, Cytoskeleton, Cycle entry, Phagocytes, Protein, Cell Membrane, apoptosis, Microtúbulos, Apoptotic microtubule network, Citoesqueleto, Intermediate-filaments, actin filaments, Secondary necrosis, Execution phase, Actin filaments, DNA Damage, Signal Transduction

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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