A complete account of nomina and type specimens of the viperid taxa described by the German herpetologist Theodor Reuss is provided. A list of new genera and subgenera created by Reuss is given. Nomina used in present Viperidae systematics are also mentioned and commented. Synonyms and chresonyms have been found in five genera: Bitis Gray, 1842; Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758; Macrovipera Reuss, 1927; Montatheris Broadley, 1996; Proatheris Broadley, 1996 and Vipera Laurenti, 1768. Forty-four taxa described by Reuss were found, and type(s) have been identified for 21 taxa. I propose the designation of lectotypes for Vipera coronis nigroides Reuss, 1925, Vipera (Pelias) coronis zamenoides Reuss, 1925, Vipera (Mesocoronis) coronis beroides Reuss 1927, Macrovipera lebetina cypriensis Reuss, 1933 and a paralectotype for Vipera coronis nigroides Reuss, 1925. Type material was identified in the Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt (SMF), Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino (MZUT), Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NMB), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (NRM), Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Collection Lorenz Müller, München (ZSM (SLM)) and in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (ZMB), where the main part of the Reuss material has been deposited. Remarks on the usage of Reuss’s names for nomenclatural purposes are made.