The collection of fungi, largest in Estonia, was founded in 1950 by the Institute of Zoology and Botany (IZB) of the Estonian Academy of Sciences where the distribution, taxonomy and phylogeny of mainly pore and gill fungi, gasteromycetes and discomycetes was studied. The internationally recognized acronym of the fungarium is TAAM. The total number of the specimens in TAAM is about 189,000, including 7,750 specimens of exsiccatae that were obtained mainly via exchange. TAAM is one of the most important collections of macromycetes of the northern part of Eurasia, and the most complete collection of Aphyllophoraceous fungi of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Ca 4000 spore samples have been taken in situ, which are included in TAAM sporotheca. The key collectors are former mycologists of IZB: Erast Parmasto, Kuulo Kalamees, Ain Raitviir, and Leili Järva, Anu Kollom, Bellis Kullman, Urmas Kõljalg, Ilmi Parmasto, Peeter Põldmaa and Mall Vaasma. More than 700 mycological studies based on TAAM collections have been published. Mycotheca Estonica by E. Parmasto, Fasc. 1-3 (1957-1961) and Corticiaceae USSR by E. Parmasto, Fasc. 1-3 (1966-1969) are based on TAAM material. The mycologists of IZB have completed 20 volumes of the series “Scripta Mycologica” and three fascicles of the distribution maps of Estonian fungi. Proposals have been made to include fungi into the the official list of protected species (issued in 2004) and completation of the Estonian Red Data Lists of fungi (1998, 2008, 2019).