Th e article presents the concept of the study of Ukrainian-foreign musical relations in the “Ukrainian Music Encyclopedia”, which is published by the Musicology and Ethnomusicology Department of the M. Rylsky Instiitute, on the example of Moldovan-Ukrainian musical connections. The directions, on which facts were systematized, are investigated. One of the components of the rich and long-lasting Moldovan-Ukrainian musical relationship is composer creativity, aimed at enriching both our cultures. It should be emphasized that the creative relations of figures of both cultures at all times were exclusively friendly and based on partnership. Of course, the creative dialogue of artists — both direct and indirect — began long before its formalizing in 1937 by launching the branch of the Union of Moldovan Composers within the Odessa organization of the Union of Composers of Ukraine. In the last century, the relations were concentrated mainly on the educational and pedagogical sphere and connected with the names of S. Vorobkevych, G. Muzychenko (Muzychescu), and M. Kazanli. One of the aspects of mediated creative dialogue is the appeal to Ukrainian composers concerning the Moldovan theme. In the XIX century, it was manifested in Th e Memoirs of the land of Moldova, op. 85, J. Rukgaber, 48 folk Romanian songs by K. Mikuli. The same aspect is deepened by an appeal to national poetry, for instance, in the romances by S. Vorobkevych, E. Mandychevsky, based on the poems of V. Alecsandri, A. Vlahutse, M. Eminescu, G. Cosbuc, etc