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Hal
Doctoral thesis . 2020
Data sources: Hal
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HAL-Inserm
Doctoral thesis . 2020
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HAL Sorbonne Université
Doctoral thesis . 2020
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Better understanding of the ON-bipolar cell signaling cascade and development of therapies for congenital stationary night blindness

Authors: Varin, Juliette;

Better understanding of the ON-bipolar cell signaling cascade and development of therapies for congenital stationary night blindness

Abstract

La transmission du signal entre les photorécepteurs et les cellules bipolaires ON (ON-BCs) dans la rétine est en partie médiée par la cascade de signalisation des ON-BCs. Cette cascade implique cinq protéines majeures : GRM6, TRPM1, Nyctalopin, GPR179 et LRIT3. La forme complète de la cécité nocturne congénitale stationnaire (CNCSc) est une maladie incurable causée par des mutations sur les gènes codants ces protéines. Les patients atteints de CNCSc n’ont plus d’onde b à l’électrorétinogramme (ERG) et ont des difficultés à voir en condition de faible lumière souvent associé à une forte myopie. L’absence d’onde b à l’ERG est aussi observée chez les patients atteints de rétinopathie associée au mélanome (MAR). Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié ces deux maladies afin de mieux comprendre la cascade de signalisation des ON-BCs et développer un traitement pour la CNCSc due à des mutations dans GRM6 ou LRIT3. Nous avons identifié des auto-anticorps dirigés contre TRPM1 expliquant le phénotype de trois nouveaux patients atteints de MAR. Nous avons également démontré la faisabilité d’une approche de thérapie génique pour les mutations dans LRIT2 dans un modèle de souris adulte Lrit3-/-. Une restauration au niveau protéique et fonctionnel a été enregistrée chez les souris traitées. Chez les souris Grm6-/- traitées, la localization de GRM6 a été restaurée ainsi que celle d’autres protéines de la cascade mais aucune restauration fonctionnelle n’a été observée. Cette thèse met en avant le rôle majeur de la cascade des ON-BCs dans la transmission du signal visuel dans la rétine et le succès, à différents niveaux, de la stratégie d’addition de gène pour traiter la CNCSc.

Transmission of the signal from photoreceptors to ON-bipolar cells (ON-BCs) in the retina is partially mediated by the ON-BCs signaling cascade. This cascade involves five major proteins: GRM6, TRPM1, Nyctalopin, GPR179 and LRIT3. The complete form of Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (cCSNB) is an incurable disease caused by mutations in genes coding for these proteines. Affected individuals present an absence of the b-wave on the electroretinogram (ERG) under scotopic conditions, an impairment of dim-light vision often associated with severe myopia, nystagmus and strabismus. This absence of b-wave is also found in patients displaying a melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR). In this thesis we studied both disorders in order to better understand the signaling cascade of ON-BCs and develop gene therapy approaches for cCSNB due to mutations in LRIT3 or GRM6. We identified TRPM1 autoantibodies in the sera of three new cases of MAR, explaining the absence of b-wave on the ERG. In Grm6-/- mice, we restored GRM6 at the dendritic tips of ON-BCs along with other partners of the ON-BCs signaling cascade, however no functional rescue was obtained in these mice. This gives basis for a GRM6 therapy approach of which the efficacy needs to be improved. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of gene therapy in adult Lrit3-/- mice which presented a restoration at the protein level and at the functional level up to four months after treatment. This thesis highlights the key role of the ON-BCs signaling cascade in the transmission of the visual signal and the success, to different extents, of gene addition strategy to treat cCSNB.

Country
France
Keywords

CCSNB, MAR, Gene therapy, Cellules bipolaires ON, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Modèles murins, AAV, Murine models, CNCSc, Thérapie génique, Bipolar cells ON

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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