in patients with anterior glenohumeral (GH) instability together with an off-track or engaging Hill-Sachs (HS) defect, Bankart-remplissage (B-R) surgery reduces the recurrence rate when compared to Bankart (B) surgery alone. There is controversy regarding whether the recurrence rate also decreases in patients with on-track or non-engaging Hill-Sachs defects.to compare the recurrence rate and clinical evolution of patients with anterior glenohumeral instability with 'on-track' Hill-Sachs defect treated with either B or B-R surgery.non-randomized, retrospective, single-center cohort study of patients with anterior glenohumeral instability and on-track Hill-Sachs defect, operated between January 2010 and December 2018. Patients operated with B versus B-R were compared. Recurrence, complications and re-operation were recorded. In addition, VAS, SSV, WOSI and qDASH scores were obtained and compared in both groups.of the 105 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 78 (74.3%) patients had a complete follow-up (52 B and 26 B-R, 4.3 years median follow-up). There was a higher recurrence rate in group B compared to B-R, with this difference not reaching statistical significance (17.3% vs 7.7%, p = 0.21). There were no significant differences in residual pain, feeling of instability, complications or VAS, qDASH, SSV or WOSI scores between both groups. In the subgroup analysis, patients who practiced contact sports and were operated with B showed higher recurrence rates (24.1% vs 0%, p = 0.08) and complications (41.4% vs 18.2%, p = 0.16) when compared to B + R, although these differences were not significant.there were no significant differences in recurrence rates and functional evolution between patients with anterior glenohumeral instability operated with B or B-R surgery. Comparative, prospective studies should be performed to establish definitive recommendations.