
La thermoplastie bronchique a été développée au cours des quinze dernières années et constitue la première technique endoscopique approuvée dans la prise en charge de l’asthme sévère non contrôlé en impasse thérapeutique. L’utilisation d’ondes de radiofréquence appliquées sur la paroi des bronches lobaires, segmentaires et sous-segmentaires cible en particulier les structures musculaires lisses en maintenant l’intégrité de l’épithélium. Son efficacité se manifeste principalement par une diminution des exacerbations et du recours aux soins, en grande partie responsables de l’altération de la qualité de vie des patients et du coût de prise en charge de l’asthme sévère. L’absence de marqueurs prédictifs de réponse à cette technique coûteuse et mini-invasive en fait actuellement un traitement de dernier recours. Nous rapportons dans cet article les principes et mécanismes d’action supposés de ce traitement, les données des principaux essais et registres et discutons de sa place dans la prise en charge actuelle de l’asthme sévère. Nous discutons également les pistes d’amélioration pour une meilleure caractérisation du phénotype répondeur qui constitue l’enjeu principal des études en cours.
Bronchial thermoplasty has been developed over the past fifteen years and is the first endoscopic technique approved in the management of severe asthma. This procedure uses radiofrequency applied to the airway wall to target bronchial smooth muscle. Patients treated in randomized controlled trials have experienced significant decreases in the use of rescue medications, urgent care visits, and exacerbations rate. The lack of reliable predictive markers of response to this expensive, minimally-invasive technique currently makes it a last-line treatment option. We review the principles and supposed mechanisms of action of this treatment, the results from the main trials and clinical registry data and discuss the place of bronchial thermoplasty in the current management of severe asthma. We also discuss perspectives to better characterize the mechanisms of action and identify the responder phenotype, the main challenge of current studies.
Severe asthma, Interventional pulmonology, Bronchial Thermoplasty, Thermoplastie bronchique, Bronchoscopie interventionnelle, Asthme sévère, Muscle, Smooth, Bronchial thermoplasty, Asthma, Phenotype, Ambulatory Care, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Humans
Severe asthma, Interventional pulmonology, Bronchial Thermoplasty, Thermoplastie bronchique, Bronchoscopie interventionnelle, Asthme sévère, Muscle, Smooth, Bronchial thermoplasty, Asthma, Phenotype, Ambulatory Care, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Humans
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