Pre-emergent herbicides have been developed for their long residual effect; however, they can make sensitive successor cultures unfeasible. Waste remediation techniques are needed for sustainable agricultural systems; for this, the edaphoclimatic asymmetries in the country must be considered. This study aimed to evaluate the remedial capacity of the herbicide diclosulam by covering crops under different edaphoclimatic conditions. Treatments were arranged in an n × 2 factorial scheme, the first factor being the number of plant species in each location and the second being the presence or absence of diclosulam in the soil. The physiological and growth characteristics of 15 potential phytoremediation species were evaluated. Herbicide residues in the environment were positively correlated with the soil pH; organic matter, aluminum, and silt contents; and aluminum saturation. The effectiveness of phytoremediation varied between species and between regions. Plant species suitable for efficient phytoremidation systems of diclosulam residues were Canavalia ensiformis for Couto Magalhães de Minas, Cajanus cajan and Canavalia ensiformis for Diamantina, Raphanus sativus for Erechim and Cajanus cajan for São João Evangelista.