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[Molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis].

Authors: Morel, Florence; Jaffré, Jérémy; Sougakoff, Wladimir; Aubry, Alexandra; Véziris, Nicolas;

[Molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis].

Abstract

La tuberculose est due au complexe M. tuberculosis, dont la croissance lente entraîne un long délai de rendu des tests phénotypiques utilisés pour le diagnostic bactériologique. La biologie moléculaire a réduit considérablement ce délai, notamment grâce au déploiement de la méthode Xpert® MTB/RIF (Cepheid) qui permet de détecter le complexe M. tuberculosis et la résistance à la rifampicine en 2 heures. D’autres tests détectant en plus la résistance à l’isoniazide et aux antituberculeux de seconde ligne ont été développés. Cependant, les performances de ces tests sont nettement moins bonnes si l’examen microscopique est négatif. Il est donc crucial de restreindre leur indication aux fortes suspicions cliniques. Les tests de détection de la résistance n’explorent que certaines positions caractérisées ; or, toutes les mutations responsables de l’acquisition de résistance ne sont pas connues. De plus, les performances sont variables pour les différents antituberculeux. L’avènement du séquençage génomique est une perspective prometteuse. La faisabilité en routine doit encore être évaluée et l’analyse des données reste à standardiser. L’essor des techniques de biologie moléculaire a révolutionné le diagnostic de la tuberculose et de la résistance. Cependant, elles restent des tests de dépistage dont les résultats doivent être confrontés aux méthodes phénotypiques de référence.

Tuberculosis is caused by the M. tuberculosis complex. Its slow growth delays the bacteriological diagnosis based on phenotypic tests. Molecular biology has significantly reduced this delay, notably thanks to the deployment of the Xpert® MTB/RIF test (Cepheid), which detects the M. tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistance in 2hours. Other tests detecting isoniazid and second-line antituberculous drugs resistance have been developed. However, the performances of molecular tests are significantly reduced if the acid-fast bacilli microscopy screening is negative. It is therefore crucial to limit their indication to strong clinical suspicions. Resistance detection tests only explore certain characterized positions; however, not all drug-resistance mutations are known. Moreover, the performances vary for different antituberculous drugs. The advent of genomic sequencing is promising. Its integration into routine workflow still needs to be evaluated and the data analysis remains to be standardized. The rise of molecular biology techniques has revolutionized the diagnosis of tuberculosis and drug resistance. However, they remain screening tests; results still have to be confirmed by phenotypic reference methods.

Country
France
Keywords

Molecular biology, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Antitubercular Agents, Biologie moléculaire, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antituberculous agents, Antituberculeux, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Predictive Value of Tests, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Predictive value of tests, Tuberculose, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Humans, Tuberculosis, Diagnostic, Rifampin, Valeur prédictive des tests

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green