Among the different age groups of children, newborns are most exposed to hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI), especially those who are burdened with additional risk factors, such as low birth weight, immaturity or exposition to medical procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze the aetiology of HA-BSI among children at high risk, including incidence and drug resistance. The data was obtained from the PubMed database and included medical articles as well as UNICEF and WHO reports published from 2002 to 2017. The study focused on newborns and older children (under 18 years old) with BSI. The main eligibility criteria, apart from age, were Enterobacteriaceae HA-BSI, and the use of invasive medical procedures. It was demonstrated that the main risk factors of infection were age and medical procedures. Due to non-specific symptoms, sepsis is difficult to diagnose, a fact which leads to a high mortality rate in newborns. The existence of such multi-drug resistant strains as Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) or Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) phenotypes is a grave cause for concern.