
Unterstützende Freundschaften sind für Jugendliche angesichts der Vielzahl ihrer Entwicklungsaufgaben eine wichtige Ressource, doch diese aufzubauen und zu halten erfordert interpersonale Fähigkeiten. Um aufzuklären, welche sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen mit dem „Befreundet-Sein“ und welche mit der Auflösung von Freundschaften zusammenhängen, wurden N = 206 Jugendliche (12-14 Jahre) nach einem Schulübergang am Anfang und Ende der siebten Klasse untersucht. Jugendliche, die zu beiden Zeitpunkten mindestens eine reziprokeFreundschaft pflegten, wurden mit Altersgenossen verglichen, welche alle zu Beginn bestehenden Freundschaften am Ende verloren hatten. Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung unterstreichen Zeit- (und Entwicklungs-)effekte, nach denen die Selbstöffnung zunimmt und Ärger in der Freundschaft immer häufiger durch Erklären der Hintergründe oder Humor und immer seltener durch körperlich aggressives Verhalten gelöst wird. Interaktionseffekte deuten daraufhin, dass Freundschaftsverlierer am Ende des Schuljahres häufiger körperlich und relational aggressives Verhalten sowie Rachegedanken zur Regulierung ihres Ärgers in der Freundschaft einsetzten, während durchgängig befreundete Jugendliche dies im Verlauf seltener taten. Jugendliche, die zu beiden Zeitpunkten Freunde hatten, waren zunehmend zur Selbstenthüllungbereit, während diese Bereitschaft bei den Freundschaftsverlierern stagnierte. Diese Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund mangelnder sozial-emotionaler Kompetenzen als Ursache und als Folge des Verlusts von Freundinnen und Freunden diskutiert.
Supportive friendships are an invaluable resource for adolescents because of their various developmental tasks, but establishing and maintaining them requires particular interpersonal skills. In order to identify social-emotional competencies associated with having and losing friends, N = 206 early adolescents (12-14 years of age) were examined longitudinally right after the transition to secondary school in the beginning of grade 7 and again at the end of this school year. Adolescents who had at least one reciprocal friend at both times were compared to those who lost all their friends over the school year. Repeated-measures MANOVAs indicate effects of time (and development) that underline an increase of self-disclosure, explanations and humor as well as a general decrease of openly aggressive behavior when angry at the friend. Interaction effects suggest that adolescents who lost their friend(s) intensified their use of physically and relationally aggressive behavior and of fantasies of revenge over time while continuously befriended adolescents decreased in their aggressive behavior when coping with anger in their friendships. Adolescents who had friends at both times were more willing to disclose private information whereas the self-disclosure of adolescents who lost their friends stagnated. These results are discussed in terms of deficient social-emotional competencies as the cause and the consequence of losing friends.
Male, Self Disclosure, Adolescent, Friends, Anger, Social Environment, Fantasy, Peer Group, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/600089002; name=Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being; name=SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Internal-External Control, Emotional Intelligence, Self-disclosure, Friendship, Aggressive behavior, Gender Identity, Social Support, Anger regulation, Adolescence, Aggression, Jugend, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3204; name=Developmental and Educational Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2738; name=Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Freundschaft, Social Adjustment
Male, Self Disclosure, Adolescent, Friends, Anger, Social Environment, Fantasy, Peer Group, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/600089002; name=Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being; name=SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Internal-External Control, Emotional Intelligence, Self-disclosure, Friendship, Aggressive behavior, Gender Identity, Social Support, Anger regulation, Adolescence, Aggression, Jugend, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3200/3204; name=Developmental and Educational Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2738; name=Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Freundschaft, Social Adjustment
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