Acute prostatitis is infrequent and is manifested as a severe systemic infection requiring hospitalization. Some of these cases may result in a chronic infection requiring long-term antibiotic courses. However, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is much more frequent, and as such, it it is frequently underdiagnosed and maltreated. The symptoms are variant and include pain and discomfort in the pelvic area, perineum, scrotum, penis and pelvis, and are named "Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)". Antibiotics prescribed are of temporary relief in some of the cases as the disease does not really fit the criteria of an infectious disease. This review deals with these difficulties and describes new and other methods to fight this frustrating syndrome for both patients and urologists.