
L’hémorragie intra-alvéolaire (HIA) est définie par la présence dans les espaces alvéolaires d’hématies provenant des capillaires ou des veinules pulmonaires. Le diagnostic repose sur des arguments cliniques, d’imagerie, et surtout le lavage broncho-alvéolaire. Les causes d’HIA, multiples, sont regroupées selon leur origine auto-immune ou non. L’HIA de cause immune regroupe les vascularites, les connectivites, en particulier le lupus érythémateux systémique, et la maladie des anticorps antimembrane basale glomérulaire (anti-MBG). La prise en charge associe un traitement symptomatique et étiologique avec une corticothérapie à dose élevée souvent complétée d’un traitement immunosuppresseur (cyclophosphamide intraveineux). Des échanges plasmatiques sont réalisés dans la maladie des anticorps anti-MBG et dans le lupus érythémateux systémique, et sont discutés en cas de vascularite systémique. Les causes d’HIA non immune comprennent les cardiopathies gauches, les troubles de l’hémostase, les infections, les toxicités médicamenteuses ou l’HIA idiopathique. La prise en charge repose alors sur le traitement de la cause. Dans tous les cas, l’HIA est une urgence nécessitant un bilan diagnostique et une prise en charge rapides
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is defined by the presence of red blood cells originating from the lung capillaries or venules within the alveoli. The diagnosis is established on clinical features, radiological pattern, and especially bronchoalveolar lavage. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage may have many immune or non-immune causes. Immune causes of DAH include vasculitides, connective tissue diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus, and antiglomerular basement membrane antibody disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). Treatment is both supportive and causal, often based on high dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy (especially intravenous cyclophosphamide). Plasma exchanges are performed in antiglomerular basement membrane antibody disease and systemic lupus erythematosus, and are considered in systemic vasculitis. Non-immune causes of DAH mainly include heart diseases, coagulation disorders, infections, drug toxicities and idiopathic DAH. Treatment of non-immune DAH is that of its cause. Whatever the cause, DAH is an emergency requiring prompt assessment and early treatment.
Graft Rejection, Lung Diseases, Vasculitis, IgA Vasculitis, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease, connectivité, vascularité, Biopsy, Hemorrhage, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, vasculitis, hémorragie alvéolaire, Humans, Leptospirosis, Connective Tissue Diseases, Glucocorticoids, Lung, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Pulmonary Alveoli, Celiac Disease, connective tissue disease, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, alveolarhemorrhage, Algorithms, Lung Transplantation
Graft Rejection, Lung Diseases, Vasculitis, IgA Vasculitis, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease, connectivité, vascularité, Biopsy, Hemorrhage, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, vasculitis, hémorragie alvéolaire, Humans, Leptospirosis, Connective Tissue Diseases, Glucocorticoids, Lung, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Pulmonary Alveoli, Celiac Disease, connective tissue disease, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, alveolarhemorrhage, Algorithms, Lung Transplantation
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