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Application du cloze test de W.L. Taylor à la langue française

Authors: De Landsheere, Gilbert;

Application du cloze test de W.L. Taylor à la langue française

Abstract

Exploité intensivement aux États-Unis, depuis une quinzaine d'années déjà, le cloze test n'avait pas encore fait l'objet d'une recherche approfondie en langue française. Le présent travail a pour objectif d'observer le comportement d'un échantillon d'environ 4 ooo élèves belges, d'expression française, de la quatrième année primaire jusqu'à la fin de l'enseignement secondaire général ou technique. Trois groupes de deux textes de 250 à 3oo mots, distants d'environ 15 points de difficulté sur l'échelle de lisibilité de R. FLESCH (adaptée au français par G. DE LANDSHEERE), ont été choisis : 50- 35 - 20. Pour chaque texte, on a construit deux formes de test de closure : r, 6, r r, ... et 3, 8, q, ... Un schéma expérimental complexe a été utilisé. En général, les observations obtenues dans les recherches les plus sûres effectuées aux États-Unis, sont confirmées. En particulier : 1° Le test de closure discrimine admirablement les différents niveaux scolaires, quel que soit le texte utilisé; 2° On observe une différence de rendement très régulière entre les deux formes de tests portant sur un même texte. Bien que cette différence soit loin d'être toujours statistiquement significative, il importe néanmoins d'en tenir compte. 3° Dans l'enseignement secondaire inférieur, on observe une nette supériorité de rendement dans l'enseignement général, par rapport à l'enseignement technique. Cette différence n'est plus significative dans l'enseignement secondaire supérieur. Dans l'enseignement secondaire général inférieur toujours, on note, en outre, une différence de rendement entre la section classique et la section moderne. 4° Les résultats de la première année de l'enseignement secondaire technique inférieur se situent, en moyenne, au niveau de la cinquième primaire. 5° Le test de closure est généralement reconnu comme une excellente mesure de lisibilité ( r ). En guise de contrôle, on avait choisi deux textes affectés d'un même score FLESCH de 20 points, mais cependant de difficulté nettement différente et unanimement reconnue par un groupe de vingt experts. L'anomalie est parfaitement mise en lumière par les résultats en closure. 60 Le coefficient de fidélité est toujours très élevé.

The Cloze technique has been extensively studied in the United States for more than fifteen yeats, but bas not yet received great attention as far as French is concerned. The purpose of this research project was to study the behaviour of a sample of approximately 4 ooo French speaking Belgian pupils of grades 4 to 12 (general and technical education). Three groups of two texts of 250-300 wo:rds each with FLESCH-DE LANDSHEERE readability scores of 5o - 3 5 and 20 respectively, were selected. For each text two forms of cloze tests (r, 5, rr, ... and 3, 8, 13, ... ) were constructed, and a sophisticated experimental design was used. Observations made in the United States with English texts are generally confirmed. In particular : 1° The test discriminates grade levels very weil, whatever text is used. 2° Between two parallel forms of a same test, an achievement difference can be observed. The difference is not often statistically significant, but it is so constant that it certainly deserves consideration. 3° At junior high schoollevel, pupils of the general education section achieve significantly better than those of the technical section. This significant difference disappears at senior high school level. Within the general junior high school track, pupils of the Latin sections achieve better than those of the so-called 'modern' sections. 4° In the first grade of technical education (grade 7), the average achievement is the same as in the 5th grade of primary education (power of social selection). 5° The cloze test is generally accepted as a good readability measurement instrument (2). One of the checks in this domain was the selection of two texts, both with 20 points readability scores (FLESCH), but of contrasting difficulty (unanimous evaluation by z.o experts). Cloze test .results indicate the difference very clearly. 6° Reliability coefficients are very high.

Country
Belgium
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Keywords

Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie, Test, Education & enseignement, Social & behavioral sciences, psychology, Education & instruction

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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