What is school ? Though this question is philosophical – if we keep in mind the historical tight bind between philosophy and teaching – it is nowadays considered exclusively as psycho-sociological matter. In educational relations (e.g. between children and their teacher), psychology is the vantage point : then pedagogy is above all psycho-pedagogy. At the same time we cannot today in Belgium deny a heavy, deep crisis in fundamental education any more. This situation may sanction pessimistic behaviors which often lead to inactivity and passivity. For my part, I would say this crisis is characterized by a current psychological aporia. So I must ask a new question : What should school be ? From the Kantian interrogation about the requirements of education – which is an art, not a science - I will draw some philosophical and pragmatic ways to overcome this psychological puzzle.