
handle: 2183/14854
[Resumo] A Orde Alismatales estivo suxeita a numerosos estudos que pretendían esclarecer a súa filoxenia. Aínda así, as relacións evolutivas entre as familias que a compoñen non deixan de ser incertas. Preséntase un estudo evolutivo baseado en análises Bayesianas de secuencias das rexións cloroplásticas matK e rbcL concatenadas, así como da rexión multicopia do ADN ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Realízase, asimesmo, unha filoxenia datada que se basea nas mesmas análises Bayesianas e na información proporcionada por diversos fósiles. Esta información permitirá estudar os puntos de diverxencia entre as familias e os procesos de adaptación ós distintos medios que as Alismatales ocupan na actualidade. Os resultados amosan unha forte congruencia cos estudos anteriores, mais cun apoio estatístico dos nodos notablemente superior. Tamén se confirma a posición filoxenética de certas familias, que ata o momento estaba escurecida. Entre os puntos de maior interese están: (i) determinar a posición das familias Aponogetonaceae, Tofieldiaceae e Butomaceae, ata agora dubidosa e (ii) determinar o ritmo de diversificación da orde, que pode correlacionarse coas transicións ecolóxicas e morfolóxicas dos grupos. Asimesmo, estabelécense relacións entre a diversificación e as condicións ambientais do periodo no que se producen.
[Abstract] The Order Alismatales has been the object of different studies that sought to clarify its phylogeny. However, the evolutionary relationships among several of its families continue to be uncertain. A new evolutionary study based on the independent Bayesian analysis of two concatenated plastid sequences (rbcL and matK) and the multicopy ribosomal DNA region Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) is presented. We also present a dated phylogeny based on the same Bayesian analyses and calibrated using several key fossils. This procedure has allowed us to study diversification times in the order, as well as the adaptation process of the different groups in the order to the environments they occupy nowadays. The results show strong congruence with previous studies. However, we found significantly higher statistical support for the phylogeny, and the uncertain position of different families has been here confirmed. Some of our most interesting results are: (i) we confirm the phylogenetic positions of families Aponogetonaceae, Butomaceae and Tofieldiaceae, (ii) we relate the diversification of several groups in the order to several ecological and morphological transitions. In addition to this, we have tried to correlate times of diversification in the group with the environmental conditions in which they happened.
Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2014/2015
Alismatales, Filogénesis
Alismatales, Filogénesis
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