The article provide a semantic analysis of the cognate words “Aletheia, alethes, alethinos, aletheuo” and their main Biblical Hebrew counterparts, retracing: 1) the background of the word in Classical and Hellenistic Greek: meanings, usage, connotations and semantic development; 2) its distribution and meaning in the Biblical books: the way the Greek word matches Hebrew and Aramaic equivalents and absorbs their meaning and usage; 3) the further development of the word in Jewish Hellenistic writings, in the New Testament and in early Christian literature