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Reinforcement learning in children with FASD.

Authors: Jennifer A, Engle; Kimberly A, Kerns;

Reinforcement learning in children with FASD.

Abstract

It is often said that children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have difficulty learning from reinforcement. However, there is little empirical evidence to support or deny this claim.To examine reinforcement learning in children with FASD, specifically: (1) the rate of learning from reinforcement; and (2) the impact of concreteness of the reinforcer.Participants included 18 children with FASD (IQ ≥ 70), ages 11-17, and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants each completed a novel reinforcement learning discrimination task that involved visual probabilistic learning (70% contingent feedback). The task was completed twice, once with tokens, and once with points (counterbalanced).The control group demonstrated significantly stronger overall reinforcement learning, although rates of improvement and effect of concreteness of the reinforcer (tokens vs. points) were not different between groups. The FASD group's responses were more likely to be guided by the most recent information, rather than based on integration of reward status over multiple trials.Reinforcement learning does not appear to occur in a functionally different manner in children with FASD, but does take longer, and is more impacted by recent reward than an integration of overall reinforcement information. Children with FASD without an intellectual disability may be able to learn from reinforcement given sufficient consistent repetition. However, other failures associated with learning difficulties such as the complexity of the material, transfer of learning, or impulsivity were not addressed in this study.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Male, Time Factors, Discrimination Learning, Reward, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Pregnancy, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Child, Reinforcement, Psychology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
gold