The geo-science and engineering fields have critical roles to play towards a sustainable energy future. This state-of-the-art review focusses on five areas where the geotechnical community has been involved the most: the oil and gas sector with emphasis on methane hydrates, carbon geological storage, geothermal, energy geo-storage, and nuclear waste storage. Extensive tables in the appendix identify potential geotechnical contributions to all energy resources (mining is critically needed to supply raw materials for the energy sector, yet is not addressed in this review). Energy-related applications involve a wide range of time and length scales, coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes, multi-phase fluids, high pressure-temperature-stress conditions, fines migration, reactive fluid transport and phase transformations, and multi-physics repetitive loads. Analysis and design require careful experimentation (including field-scale studies) and advanced numerical simulations. Educational programs must address the knowledge needs in energy geo-engineering.