
Diversos estudios a nivel mundial señalan la inequidad en salud según categorías étnicas o asociado con el estado de inmigrante. La perspectiva intercultural se aplica, por lo tanto, en países y situaciones muy distintas, y los criterios para definir los grupos sociales enfocados tal como los planteamientos varían según el contexto local. Sin embargo, hay desafíos comunes que son relevantes en todas las situaciones donde el tema de salud y etnicidad se pone de manifiesto. Además, a diferencia de la noción “interculturalidad”, los problemas claves que comprometen, por ejemplo, la atención sanitaria para poblaciones indígenas o inmigrantes no son recientes, sino la historia es rica en experiencias previas muy significativas para la actualidad. Desde una visión global e histórica, el presente artículo pone a consideración tres puntos claves: la necesidad de definir adecuadamente a los grupos enfocados para evitar estereotipos culturales y la creación de desigualdades nuevas, el reto de convertir etnicidad en una categoría “saludable” y la reflexión explícita de la dimensión ética y moral, basada en la ética médica codificada y los derechos humanos.
Health inequalities are broadly documented for ethnic minority groups and immigrants worldwide. Intercultural perspectives in health are thus developed in very different places and situations. Both the criteria for defining the target groups as well as the ways the health problems of these groups are looked at, are shaped by the particular local context. However, some challenges are common to almost all situations where the topic of ethnic diversity and health is considered. And in contrast to the rather novel term, the issues at stake in “intercultural heath” are not new at all. Against this background, the present article brings into focus three essential points: the necessity of defining ethnicity adequately to avoid stereotyping and the creation of new inequalities; the challenge of converting ethnicity into a helpful and thus “healthy” category in the field of medicine and health; and the need for the integration of explicit and serious reflections on medical ethics and human rights that provide for the normative framework and moral orientation of health activities with indigenous, migrant and other particularly vulnerable groups.
Internationality, Health, Indians, South American, Peru, Humans, Cultural Diversity, Cultural competency; Emigration and Immigration; Cultural diversity; Ethnic groups; Primary health care, Competencia Cultural; Migración Internacional; Diversidad Cultural; Grupos Étnicos; Atención Primaria de Salud
Internationality, Health, Indians, South American, Peru, Humans, Cultural Diversity, Cultural competency; Emigration and Immigration; Cultural diversity; Ethnic groups; Primary health care, Competencia Cultural; Migración Internacional; Diversidad Cultural; Grupos Étnicos; Atención Primaria de Salud
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