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Las estrategias relacionales de las clases medias en Cali (Colombia) : formas de protección y mecanismos de regulación

Authors: Sánchez Salcedo , José Fernando;

Las estrategias relacionales de las clases medias en Cali (Colombia) : formas de protección y mecanismos de regulación

Abstract

In 40 years the Latin-American countries passed from an economic model centered in the substitution of the imports to that based on the release of the market. The substitution of the imports was recognized for a considerable growth of the nation's economies between 1950 and 1980, through the expansion of the industrial sector and of services, the development of the public sector and the educational offer at the higher level. The implementation of the néolibéraux adjustments in the area, on the contrary, represented a reduction in the growth of the economies, a heterogenisation of the productive sectors and a precarisation of the job market. Between 2002 and 2005, remunerations of the professionals had a fall surprising and sudden because they passed from a total real income of 99.3 in 2002 to 82.2 the year 2005, Fuente: Observatory of the Job market and the Social security, N° 9.2006. During the 3rd quarter 2005, the 31% of the university degrees were unemployed “long life”, in other words, they were in search of an employment since more than one year, while in 1997, the percentage was only of 13.4%. In this document, one will defend the assumption that one of the alternatives which the middle-class assumed to mitigate its situation of economic vulnerability was the use of its social reports. They are conceived as a recourse from which one seeks to take down an long-term employment and stable within a framework of flexible conditions, in spite of the difficulty to have there access, because of surplus of professional and the reduction of work stations. In the specific case of the Colombian society, many observations made it possible to note that the middle-class, generally, uses a set of social practices that in this context we will call: click, the pistons and the contacts. For better defining these practices, one proposes the concept of relational strategy. One of the main aims of this work is precisely to specify the theoretical characteristics and characteristics which compose this concept. The objective of this research is to analyze how through the mobilization of a series of relational sources, the individual seeks to compensate for the weaknesses of the State and his industrial relations policies, at end to decrease their vulnerability vis-a-vis the economic and social risks which surround it. En 40 ans les pays latino-américains sont passés d’un model économique centré dans la substitution des importations à celui basé sur la libération du marché. La substitution des importations a été reconnue pour une croissance importante des économies nationales entre 1950 et 1980, à travers l’expansion du secteur industriel et de services, le développement du secteur public et de l’offre éducative au niveau supérieur. L’implémentation des ajustements néolibéraux dans la région, au contraire, ont représenté une diminution dans la croissance des économies, une hétérogénisation des secteurs productifs et une précarisation du marché du travail. Entre 2002 et 2005, les rémunérations des professionnels ont eu une baisse surprenante et soudaine car elles sont passées d’un revenu réel total de 99.3 en 2002 à 82.2 l’année 2005, Fuente : Observatoire du Marché du Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale, N° 9, 2006. Au cours du 3ème trimestre 2005, le 31% des diplômés universitaires étaient des chômeurs « longue durée », autrement dit, ils étaient à la recherche d’un emploi depuis plus d’un an, tandis qu’en 1997, le pourcentage n’était que de 13.4%. Dans ce document, on va défendre l’hypothèse qu’une des alternatives que la classe moyenne a assumée pour pallier sa situation de vulnérabilité économique a été l’utilisation de ses rapports sociaux. Ils sont conçus comme un recours à partir duquel on cherche décrocher un emploi durable et stable dans un cadre de conditions flexibles, malgré la difficulté pour avoir y accès, à cause du surplus de professionnelles et la réduction de postes de travail. Dans le cas spécifique de la société colombienne, des nombreuses observations ont permis de constater que la classe moyenne, d’une façon générale, utilise un ensemble de pratiques sociales que dans ce contexte nous allons appeler : les cliques, les pistons et les contacts. Pour mieux définir ces pratiques, on propose le concept de stratégie relationnelle. Un des objectifs principaux du présent travail est justement de préciser les caractéristiques et les particularités théoriques qui composent ce concept. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser comment à travers la mobilisation d’une série de sources relationnelles, l’individu cherche à compenser les faiblesses de l’Etat et de ses politiques sociales, à fin de diminuer leur vulnérabilité face aux risques économiques et sociaux qui l’entourent. (SOC 3) -- UCL, 2009

Country
Belgium
Related Organizations
Keywords

Classes moyennes, Stratégies relationnelles, Régulation sociale, Formes de protection

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green