The article discusses the health, risks and the work of fishermen and crab catchers in region of APA Guapimirim in Guanabara Bay. Fishermen and crab catchers are typical informal workers, they suffer from lack of protection and working guarantee. They are exposed to working risks day by day such as accidents with fishing boat, fishing equipment, the own fish, drowning, as well as a lot of radiation and climatic variation. There are still the weight and work overload, as well as the activities done at night that increase the potential risks. A sample of 100 fishermen and crab catchers had told by quantitative-qualitative research that it was possible to draw a profile of these workers. They are workers that have little schooling, 63% of these workers have incomplete elementary school and 12% are illiterate. 44% of these workers reported that they get diseases or health problems. These diseases are related to the weight overload, the long working hours and all situation of danger that they have on their work activities. As a conclusion the article identified a lot of difficulties of these workers while performing their work and realizes that is necessary to find measures to could improve their life and work conditions.