In the last decades we have made several and important archaeological discoveries around «Sierra de Cantabria», in «Rioja Alavesa» Region (Álava, Basque Country, Spain). The presence in the area of the first Neolithic inhab- its groups at the beginning of the VIth millennia Cal BC, and the use of the rockshelter as seasonal herd enclosure are giving us much more information about the first productive economy settler in the Basque Country. The pres- ence and the study in the territory of nine funerary architectures also provide new insights in the knowledge of this first productive settler in the Region. All in all has enable an interdisciplinary research composed by the analysis of pol- len, charcoal, phytolith, lithic, ceramics and bone artefacts, human and faunal DNA, soils, ethyl alcohol and bile acid… In this paper we present an overview about the arrival and the first stages of the productive economy communities which inhabit the territory using the data provided by this multi-proxy analysis on Neolithic and Calcolithic archaeological levels.