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Study of the regenerative abilities of Manna ash in artificial Austrian pine plantations in the region of Sofia, Bulgaria

Authors: Gyudorova, Stela; Glogov, Plamen; Popov, Grud;

Study of the regenerative abilities of Manna ash in artificial Austrian pine plantations in the region of Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) is a species that is often found as an undergrowth element in Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) artificial stands and the presence of this species can cause oppression of the natural oak understory not only through shading but also through competition for soil moisture. For this reason, it is important to monitor the implementation of measures related to the reduction of the manna ash undergrowth in coniferous plantations, which are expected to be replaced by natural for these habitats representatives of the Quercus genus. The aim of the present study is to analyze the regenerative abilities of manna ash in Austrian pine artificial stands after an applied mechanical control and grazing measures. The object of the study are 50 to 75-year-old Pinus nigra plantations in the Lyulin and Stara Planina mountains located in Sofia periphery region. Four 400 m² sample plots were set up and obsereved in the following period 2019-2021. In three of them the following mechanical measures have been applied to limit the growth of individuals from manna ash: cutting the stem at the base (Sample Plot 1), cutting the stem at a height of 50 cm (SP2), refraction of the top of the stem. In sample plot 4 (SP4) was applied a biological measure - goat grazing. Within the sample plots, the density of stems (number of stems per m²) was measured from Fraxinus ornus, Quercus daleshampii and regeneration representatives from others tree and shrub species in the period of application of the measure and in the following year. The results of the study showed that manna ash individuals in Austrian pine plantations are fully recovered after a single application of mechanical control and grazing measures. The manna ash shoots form a characteristic "hydra effect", the regulation of which requires frequent interventions and a sufficient number of forest workers, which are currently lacking in the country. In this situation, the variant of "silvicultural patience" towards manna ash is recommended with the tendency that the oaks will gradually outgrow it. Forestry measures should not be aimed at reducing manna ash at an early age, but at caring for the oak regeneration. After the ninth year, the oak undergrowth strengthens, develops a deep root system and becomes competitive with its companions including the manna ash.

Country
Bulgaria
Keywords

understory, ash, plantations

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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