The book is a systematic study in the field of information and communication technologies and e-learning in contemporary education taking into consideration a competencies- oriented approach. The current educational system is in the middle of global changes. That is why future specialists should be fully prepared to live in an open information space, which includes the formation of the skills necessary in the 21st century so as to ensure their continuous development in the course of life, in both informal and formal forms. In modern society, we observe new world trends – technological, economic, cultural, ecological changes – that are a part of a rapid and fluctuating process of globalisation. Contemporary university also changes, along with its information-educational space. Its components change, including technologies used, content, resources, subjects and objects (students, academic teachers, administration), the teaching-learning process, and the whole educational process; what also changes are principles and tools of management, of communication, and of cooperation in the educational environment itself and outside of it. Taking such tendencies into consideration, the quality of the virtual educational environment in a modern educational institution has to be based on realising educational needs of students, their expectations, contents, and technologies they use also due to their own learning experience. Filling the virtual educational environment, the quality of its content, and effectiveness of its use by students – aiming at educating future specialists, competitive on the contemporary labour market – depend not only on the level of teachers’ ICT competencies, but also on numerous various factors and conditions, such as the strategy of development of a university’s e-environment, effectiveness of its functioning, the educational offer, and ensuring the quality of education, including e-learning. In addition to theoretical aspects of the main issue, the book also presents chosen research results, obtained within the framework of several projects the author of the monograph participated in, including IRNet international project, realised by the international consortium under the di rection of the author.