
handle: 20.500.11799/136346
Resumen Introducción. Los minerales juegan un papel muy importante en la nutrición, porque son necesarios para la biosíntesis de nutrientes esenciales. Objetivo. Evaluar el estado mineral en suero sanguíneo, el consumo de minerales y la producción de leche de vacas Holstein en pastoreo suplementadas con distintos niveles de alimento concentrado y tiempo de permanencia en la pradera en el valle de Toluca, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos experimentos con un diseño de cuadro Latino 3x3 cada uno en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, realizados en primavera-verano de 2011-2012. En el experimento uno se evaluó el nivel de concentrado en la dieta (3, 5 y 8 kg día-1) en vacas pastoreando; en el experimento dos se evaluaron tres tiempos de permanencia en la pradera (ocho horas continuas; dos tiempos de cuatro horas post-ordeño; y doce horas). En ambos experimentos se ofertó ensilado de maíz a libre consumo en el corral. En suero sanguíneo y alimentos se les midió la concentración de Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe y Zn. Se realizaron análisis de correlación simple y de regresión múltiple para las variables de estudio. Resultados. El nivel de concentrado y el tiempo de permanencia en la pradera afectaron (p<0,05) el consumo de la mayoría de los minerales; no se cubrieron los requerimientos de Ca, P, Mg, K y Zn, y hubo exceso de Fe. Independientemente de la estrategia de alimentación, el contenido de minerales en suero sanguíneo de los bovinos fue adecuado para P, Na, Cu y Fe; marginal de Ca, deficiente en Mg y Zn; y hubo exceso de K. Conclusiones. El consumo de minerales no fue determinante para predecir la concentración de minerales en suero sanguíneo de vacas lecheras, sin embargo, mostró influencia sobre la producción de leche de vacas bajo dos sistemas de producción mixta pastoreo-estabulación. Abstract Introduction. Minerals play a very important role in nutrition; because they are necessary for the biosynthesis of essential nutrients. Objective. To evaluate the mineral status in blood serum, mineral consumption and milk production of grazing Holstein cows supplemented with different levels of concentrated feed and time spent in the meadow of Toluca valley, Mexico. Materials and methods. Two experiments were carried out with a 3x3 Latino square design each at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, carried out in the spring-summer of 2011-2012. In experiment one, the level of concentrate in the diet (3, 5 and 8 kg day-1) was evaluated in grazing cows; in experiment two, three times of permanence in the prairie were evaluated (eight continuous hours; two times of four hours post-milking; and twelve hours). In both experiments, corn silage ad libitum was offered for free consumption in the pen. The concentration of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, and Zn was measured in blood serum and foodstuffs. Simple correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed for the study variables of mineral intake, milk production, and minerals in blood serum. Results. The level of concentrate and the time spent in the prairie affected (P <0,05) of the consumption of most of the minerals; the Ca, P, Mg, K, and Zn requirements were not met, and there was excess Fe. Regardless of the feeding strategy, the bovine blood serum mineral content was adequate for P, Na, Cu, and Fe; marginal for Ca, deficient in Mg and Zn; and there were excess of K. Conclusion. The consumption of minerals was not decisive to predict the concentration of minerals in the blood serum of dairy cows, however, it showed influence on the milk production of cows under two mixed grazing-stallproduction systems.
grazing time, prairie, mineral consumption, niveles de concentrado, suero sanguíneo, blood serum, concentrate levels, Pradera, Agrociencias, consumo mineral, tiempo de pastoreo, pradera
grazing time, prairie, mineral consumption, niveles de concentrado, suero sanguíneo, blood serum, concentrate levels, Pradera, Agrociencias, consumo mineral, tiempo de pastoreo, pradera
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