To study the change rules of specific leaf weight, dry weight of rhizoma and the drying rate of annual and biennial Atractylodes macrocephala.We measured the specific leaf weight and dry weight of rhizoma, and accounted the drying rate and correlation by dugging the annual and biennial plants each 15 days. There were 3 rhizoma types of biennial Atractylodes macrocephala with Drumstick/Frog type, Er-cha type and Wu-zi type.It showed the curve of specific leaf weight of annual plant was "N" style, which of biennial plant was linear. The dry weight and the drying rate of all rhizoma types increased point-blank during the whole growth period.The correlation between specific leaf weight and dry weight of rhizoma is obvious in biennial Atractylodes macrocephala but is contrary in annual Atractylodes macrocephala.