The efficacy of 'Deltapine 90' cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in rotation with 'Florunner' peanut (Arachis hypogaea) for the management of Meloidogyne arenaria was studied for 2 years in a field in southeastern Alabama. In 1985, M. arenaria juvenile populations in plots with cotton were 98% lower than in plots with peanut. Peanut and cotton yields were increased by treatment with aldicarb (3.3 kg a.i./ha in a 20-cm-band) in 1985 but not in 1986. In 1986, peanut yields were highest and M. arenaria juvenile populations in soil were lowest in plots that had cotton the previous year. In 1986, numbers of M. arenaria juveniles in plots with peanut both years were reduced by treatment with aldicarb to levels found in plots with cotton-peanut rotation. The use of aldicarb in peanut following cotton similarly treated reduced the incidence of southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii). Cotton-peanut is a good rotation for the management of M. arenaria and to increase peanut yields without the use of nematicides.