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zbMATH Open
Article . 2021
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Chromatic $\lambda$-choosable and $\lambda$-paintable graphs

Chromatic \(\lambda\)-choosable and \(\lambda\)-paintable graphs
Authors: Zhu, Jialu; Zhu, Xuding;

Chromatic $\lambda$-choosable and $\lambda$-paintable graphs

Abstract

Let $\phi(k)$ be the minimum number of vertices in a non-$k$-choosable $k$-chromatic graph. The Ohba conjecture, confirmed by Noel, Reed and Wu, asserts that $\phi(k) \ge 2k+2$. This bound is tight if $k$ is even. If $k$ is odd, then it is known that $\phi(k) \le 2k+3$ and it is conjectured by Noel that $\phi(k) = 2k+3$. For a multi-set $\lambda=\{k_1,k_2, \ldots, k_q\}$ of positive integers, let $k_{\lambda} = \sum_{i=1}^q k_i$. A $\lambda$-list assignment of $G$ is a $k_{\lambda}$-list assignment $L$ for which the colour set $\cup_{v \in V(G)}L(v)$ can be partitioned into the disjoint union $C_1 \cup C_2 \cup \ldots \cup C_q$ of $q$ sets so that for each $i$ and each vertex $v$ of $G$, $|L(v) \cap C_i| \ge k_i$. We say $G$ is $\lambda$-choosable if $G$ is $L$-colourable for any $\lambda$-list assignment $L$ of $G$. Let $\phi(\lambda )$ be the minimum number of vertices in a non-$\lambda$-choosable $k_{\lambda}$-chromatic graph. Let $1_{\lambda}$ be the multiplicity of $1$ in $\lambda$, and let $o_{\lambda}$ be the number of elements in $\lambda$ that are odd integers. We prove that if $1_{\lambda} \ne k_{\lambda}$, then $2k_{\lambda}+1_{\lambda}+2 \leqslant \phi(\lambda ) \leqslant 2k_\lambda+ o_\lambda +2$. In particular, if $1_{\lambda}=o_{\lambda}=t$, i.e. $\lambda$ contains no odd integer greater than $1$, then $\phi(\lambda ) = 2k_{\lambda}+t+2$. We also prove that $\phi(\lambda) \leqslant 2k_{\lambda}+5 1_{\lambda}+3$. In particular, if $1_{\lambda}=0$, then $2k_{\lambda}+2 \leqslant \phi(\lambda) \leqslant 2k_{\lambda}+3$.

Comment: 11 pages

Keywords

Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, Games on graphs (graph-theoretic aspects), chromatic paintable, Mathematics - Combinatorics, \(\lambda\)-painting game, chromatic choosable, Games involving graphs, \(\lambda\)-list assignment

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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