
handle: 1887/4259307
The translation of metaphorical language presents a challenge in Natural Language Processing as a result of its complexity and variability in terms of linguistic forms, communicative functions, and cultural embeddedness. This paper investigates the performance of different state-of-the-art Machine Translation (MT) systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) in metaphor translation in literary texts (English→Dutch), examining how metaphorical language is handled by the systems and the types of errors identified by human evaluators. While commercial MT systems perform better in terms of translation quality based on automatic metrics, the human evaluation demonstrates that open-source, literary-adaptedNMT systems translate metaphors equally accurately. Still, the accuracy of metaphor translation ranges between 64-80%, with lexical and meaning errors being the most prominent. Our findings indicate that metaphors remain a challenge for MT systems and adaptation to the literary domain is crucial for improving metaphor translation in literary texts.
Translation, Linguistics, Computational linguistics, Machine translation, Literary translation
Translation, Linguistics, Computational linguistics, Machine translation, Literary translation
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